308 lines
12 KiB
C++
308 lines
12 KiB
C++
/* boost random/uniform_smallint.hpp header file
|
|
*
|
|
* Copyright Jens Maurer 2000-2001
|
|
* Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
|
|
* accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
|
|
* http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
|
|
*
|
|
* See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
|
|
*
|
|
* $Id$
|
|
*
|
|
* Revision history
|
|
* 2001-04-08 added min<max assertion (N. Becker)
|
|
* 2001-02-18 moved to individual header files
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
#ifndef BOOST_RANDOM_UNIFORM_SMALLINT_HPP
|
|
#define BOOST_RANDOM_UNIFORM_SMALLINT_HPP
|
|
|
|
#include <istream>
|
|
#include <iosfwd>
|
|
#include <boost/assert.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/config.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/limits.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/type_traits/is_integral.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/random/detail/config.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/random/detail/operators.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/random/detail/signed_unsigned_tools.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/random/uniform_01.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
|
|
#include <boost/mpl/bool.hpp>
|
|
|
|
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_OPERATORS
|
|
#include <boost/mpl/if.hpp>
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
namespace boost {
|
|
namespace random {
|
|
|
|
// uniform integer distribution on a small range [min, max]
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The distribution function uniform_smallint models a \random_distribution.
|
|
* On each invocation, it returns a random integer value uniformly distributed
|
|
* in the set of integer numbers {min, min+1, min+2, ..., max}. It assumes
|
|
* that the desired range (max-min+1) is small compared to the range of the
|
|
* underlying source of random numbers and thus makes no attempt to limit
|
|
* quantization errors.
|
|
*
|
|
* Let \f$r_{\mathtt{out}} = (\mbox{max}-\mbox{min}+1)\f$ the desired range of
|
|
* integer numbers, and
|
|
* let \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ be the range of the underlying source of random
|
|
* numbers. Then, for the uniform distribution, the theoretical probability
|
|
* for any number i in the range \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$ will be
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{out}}(i) = \frac{1}{r_{\mathtt{out}}}\f$.
|
|
* Likewise, assume a uniform distribution on \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ for
|
|
* the underlying source of random numbers, i.e.
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{base}}(i) = \frac{1}{r_{\mathtt{base}}}\f$.
|
|
* Let \f$p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i)\f$ denote the random
|
|
* distribution generated by @c uniform_smallint. Then the sum over all
|
|
* i in \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$ of
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle
|
|
* \left(\frac{p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i)}{p_{\mathtt{out}}(i)} - 1\right)^2\f$
|
|
* shall not exceed
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle \frac{r_{\mathtt{out}}}{r_{\mathtt{base}}^2}
|
|
* (r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})
|
|
* (r_{\mathtt{out}} - r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})\f$.
|
|
*
|
|
* The template parameter IntType shall denote an integer-like value type.
|
|
*
|
|
* @xmlnote
|
|
* The property above is the square sum of the relative differences
|
|
* in probabilities between the desired uniform distribution
|
|
* \f$p_{\mathtt{out}}(i)\f$ and the generated distribution
|
|
* \f$p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i)\f$.
|
|
* The property can be fulfilled with the calculation
|
|
* \f$(\mbox{base\_rng} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})\f$, as follows:
|
|
* Let \f$r = r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$.
|
|
* The base distribution on \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ is folded onto the
|
|
* range \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$. The numbers i < r have assigned
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle
|
|
* \left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}{r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor+1\f$
|
|
* numbers of the base distribution, the rest has only \f$\displaystyle
|
|
* \left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}{r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor\f$.
|
|
* Therefore,
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i) =
|
|
* \left(\left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}
|
|
* {r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor+1\right) /
|
|
* r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ for i < r and \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i) =
|
|
* \left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}
|
|
* {r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor/r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ otherwise.
|
|
* Substituting this in the
|
|
* above sum formula leads to the desired result.
|
|
* @endxmlnote
|
|
*
|
|
* Note: The upper bound for
|
|
* \f$(r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})
|
|
* (r_{\mathtt{out}} - r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})\f$ is
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle \frac{r_{\mathtt{out}}^2}{4}\f$. Regarding the upper bound
|
|
* for the square sum of the relative quantization error of
|
|
* \f$\displaystyle \frac{r_\mathtt{out}^3}{4r_{\mathtt{base}}^2}\f$, it
|
|
* seems wise to either choose \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ so that
|
|
* \f$r_{\mathtt{base}} > 10r_{\mathtt{out}}^2\f$ or ensure that
|
|
* \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ is
|
|
* divisible by \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$.
|
|
*/
|
|
template<class IntType = int>
|
|
class uniform_smallint
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
typedef IntType input_type;
|
|
typedef IntType result_type;
|
|
|
|
class param_type
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
|
|
typedef uniform_smallint distribution_type;
|
|
|
|
/** constructs the parameters of a @c uniform_smallint distribution. */
|
|
param_type(IntType min_arg = 0, IntType max_arg = 9)
|
|
: _min(min_arg), _max(max_arg)
|
|
{
|
|
BOOST_ASSERT(_min <= _max);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/** Returns the minimum value. */
|
|
IntType a() const { return _min; }
|
|
/** Returns the maximum value. */
|
|
IntType b() const { return _max; }
|
|
|
|
|
|
/** Writes the parameters to a @c std::ostream. */
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_OSTREAM_OPERATOR(os, param_type, parm)
|
|
{
|
|
os << parm._min << " " << parm._max;
|
|
return os;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/** Reads the parameters from a @c std::istream. */
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_ISTREAM_OPERATOR(is, param_type, parm)
|
|
{
|
|
is >> parm._min >> std::ws >> parm._max;
|
|
return is;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/** Returns true if the two sets of parameters are equal. */
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_EQUALITY_OPERATOR(param_type, lhs, rhs)
|
|
{ return lhs._min == rhs._min && lhs._max == rhs._max; }
|
|
|
|
/** Returns true if the two sets of parameters are different. */
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_INEQUALITY_OPERATOR(param_type)
|
|
|
|
private:
|
|
IntType _min;
|
|
IntType _max;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Constructs a @c uniform_smallint. @c min and @c max are the
|
|
* lower and upper bounds of the output range, respectively.
|
|
*/
|
|
explicit uniform_smallint(IntType min_arg = 0, IntType max_arg = 9)
|
|
: _min(min_arg), _max(max_arg) {}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Constructs a @c uniform_smallint from its parameters.
|
|
*/
|
|
explicit uniform_smallint(const param_type& parm)
|
|
: _min(parm.a()), _max(parm.b()) {}
|
|
|
|
/** Returns the minimum value of the distribution. */
|
|
result_type a() const { return _min; }
|
|
/** Returns the maximum value of the distribution. */
|
|
result_type b() const { return _max; }
|
|
/** Returns the minimum value of the distribution. */
|
|
result_type min BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION () const { return _min; }
|
|
/** Returns the maximum value of the distribution. */
|
|
result_type max BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION () const { return _max; }
|
|
|
|
/** Returns the parameters of the distribution. */
|
|
param_type param() const { return param_type(_min, _max); }
|
|
/** Sets the parameters of the distribution. */
|
|
void param(const param_type& parm)
|
|
{
|
|
_min = parm.a();
|
|
_max = parm.b();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Effects: Subsequent uses of the distribution do not depend
|
|
* on values produced by any engine prior to invoking reset.
|
|
*/
|
|
void reset() { }
|
|
|
|
/** Returns a value uniformly distributed in the range [min(), max()]. */
|
|
template<class Engine>
|
|
result_type operator()(Engine& eng) const
|
|
{
|
|
typedef typename Engine::result_type base_result;
|
|
return generate(eng, boost::random::traits::is_integral<base_result>());
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/** Returns a value uniformly distributed in the range [param.a(), param.b()]. */
|
|
template<class Engine>
|
|
result_type operator()(Engine& eng, const param_type& parm) const
|
|
{ return uniform_smallint(parm)(eng); }
|
|
|
|
/** Writes the distribution to a @c std::ostream. */
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_OSTREAM_OPERATOR(os, uniform_smallint, ud)
|
|
{
|
|
os << ud._min << " " << ud._max;
|
|
return os;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/** Reads the distribution from a @c std::istream. */
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_ISTREAM_OPERATOR(is, uniform_smallint, ud)
|
|
{
|
|
is >> ud._min >> std::ws >> ud._max;
|
|
return is;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Returns true if the two distributions will produce identical
|
|
* sequences of values given equal generators.
|
|
*/
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_EQUALITY_OPERATOR(uniform_smallint, lhs, rhs)
|
|
{ return lhs._min == rhs._min && lhs._max == rhs._max; }
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Returns true if the two distributions may produce different
|
|
* sequences of values given equal generators.
|
|
*/
|
|
BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_INEQUALITY_OPERATOR(uniform_smallint)
|
|
|
|
private:
|
|
|
|
// \cond show_private
|
|
template<class Engine>
|
|
result_type generate(Engine& eng, boost::mpl::true_) const
|
|
{
|
|
// equivalent to (eng() - eng.min()) % (_max - _min + 1) + _min,
|
|
// but guarantees no overflow.
|
|
typedef typename Engine::result_type base_result;
|
|
typedef typename boost::random::traits::make_unsigned<base_result>::type base_unsigned;
|
|
typedef typename boost::random::traits::make_unsigned_or_unbounded<result_type>::type range_type;
|
|
#ifdef BOOST_NO_CXX11_EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_OPERATORS
|
|
typedef typename mpl::if_c<
|
|
std::numeric_limits<range_type>::is_specialized && std::numeric_limits<base_unsigned>::is_specialized
|
|
&& (std::numeric_limits<range_type>::digits >= std::numeric_limits<base_unsigned>::digits),
|
|
range_type, base_unsigned>::type mixed_range_type;
|
|
#else
|
|
typedef base_unsigned mixed_range_type;
|
|
#endif
|
|
range_type range = random::detail::subtract<result_type>()(_max, _min);
|
|
base_unsigned base_range =
|
|
random::detail::subtract<base_result>()((eng.max)(), (eng.min)());
|
|
base_unsigned val =
|
|
random::detail::subtract<base_result>()(eng(), (eng.min)());
|
|
if(range >= base_range) {
|
|
return boost::random::detail::add<range_type, result_type>()(
|
|
static_cast<range_type>(val), _min);
|
|
} else {
|
|
// This involves mixed arithmetic between the base generators range
|
|
// type, and the result_type's range type. mixed_range_type is
|
|
// normally the same as base_unsigned which is the most efficient
|
|
// option, but requires a narrowing explcit cast if result_type
|
|
// is a multiprecision type. If no such casts are available then use
|
|
// multiprecision arithmetic throughout instead.
|
|
mixed_range_type modulus = static_cast<mixed_range_type>(range)+1;
|
|
return boost::random::detail::add<range_type, result_type>()(
|
|
static_cast<mixed_range_type>(val) % modulus, _min);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<class Engine>
|
|
result_type generate(Engine& eng, boost::mpl::false_) const
|
|
{
|
|
typedef typename Engine::result_type base_result;
|
|
typedef typename boost::random::traits::make_unsigned<result_type>::type range_type;
|
|
range_type range = random::detail::subtract<result_type>()(_max, _min);
|
|
base_result val = boost::uniform_01<base_result>()(eng);
|
|
// what is the worst that can possibly happen here?
|
|
// base_result may not be able to represent all the values in [0, range]
|
|
// exactly. If this happens, it will cause round off error and we
|
|
// won't be able to produce all the values in the range. We don't
|
|
// care about this because the user has already told us not to by
|
|
// using uniform_smallint. However, we do need to be careful
|
|
// to clamp the result, or floating point rounding can produce
|
|
// an out of range result.
|
|
range_type offset = static_cast<range_type>(val * (static_cast<base_result>(range) + 1));
|
|
if(offset > range) return _max;
|
|
return boost::random::detail::add<range_type, result_type>()(offset , _min);
|
|
}
|
|
// \endcond
|
|
|
|
result_type _min;
|
|
result_type _max;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
} // namespace random
|
|
|
|
using random::uniform_smallint;
|
|
|
|
} // namespace boost
|
|
|
|
#endif // BOOST_RANDOM_UNIFORM_SMALLINT_HPP
|