938 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
938 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
# loopback-connector-mysql
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[MySQL](https://www.mysql.com/) is a popular open-source relational database
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management system (RDBMS). The `loopback-connector-mysql` module provides the
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MySQL connector module for the LoopBack framework.
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## Installation
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In your application root directory, enter this command to install the connector:
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```sh
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npm install loopback-connector-mysql --save
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```
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**Note**: The MySQL connector requires MySQL 5.0+.
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This installs the module from npm and adds it as a dependency to the
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application's `package.json` file.
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If you create a MySQL data source using the data source generator as described
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below, you don't have to do this, since the generator will run `npm install` for
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you.
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## Creating a MySQL data source
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For LoopBack 4 users, use the LoopBack 4
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[Command-line interface](https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb4/Command-line-interface.html)
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to generate a DataSource with MySQL connector to your LB4 application. Run
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[`lb4 datasource`](https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb4/DataSource-generator.html), it
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will prompt for configurations such as host, post, etc. that are required to
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connect to a MySQL database.
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After setting it up, the configuration can be found under
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`src/datasources/<DataSourceName>.datasource.ts`, which would look like this:
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```ts
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const config = {
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name: 'db',
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connector: 'mysql',
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url: '',
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host: 'localhost',
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port: 3306,
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user: 'user',
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password: 'pass',
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database: 'testdb',
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};
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```
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<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>For LoopBack 3 users</strong></summary>
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Use
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the [Data source generator](http://loopback.io/doc/en/lb3/Data-source-generator.html) to
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add a MySQL data source to your application.
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The generator will prompt for the database server hostname, port, and other
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settings required to connect to a MySQL database. It will also run the
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`npm install` command above for you.
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The entry in the application's `/server/datasources.json` will look like this:
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```javascript
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"mydb": {
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"name": "mydb",
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"connector": "mysql",
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"host": "myserver",
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"port": 3306,
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"database": "mydb",
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"password": "mypassword",
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"user": "admin"
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}
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```
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</details>
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Edit `<DataSourceName>.datasources.ts` to add any other additional properties
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that you require.
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### Properties
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th width="150">Property</th>
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<th width="80">Type</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>collation</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>Determines the charset for the connection. Default is utf8_general_ci.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>connector</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>Connector name, either “loopback-connector-mysql” or “mysql”.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>connectionLimit</td>
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<td>Number</td>
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<td>The maximum number of connections to create at once. Default is 10.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>database</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>Database name</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>debug</td>
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<td>Boolean</td>
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<td>If true, turn on verbose mode to debug database queries and lifecycle.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>host</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>Database host name</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>password</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>Password to connect to database</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>port</td>
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<td>Number</td>
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<td>Database TCP port</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>socketPath</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>The path to a unix domain socket to connect to. When used host and port are ignored.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>supportBigNumbers</td>
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<td>Boolean</td>
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<td>Enable this option to deal with big numbers (BIGINT and DECIMAL columns) in the database. Default is false.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>timeZone</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>The timezone used to store local dates. Default is ‘local’.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>url</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>Connection URL of form <code>mysql://user:password@host/db</code>. Overrides other connection settings.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>username</td>
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<td>String</td>
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<td>Username to connect to database</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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**NOTE**: In addition to these properties, you can use additional parameters
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supported by [`node-mysql`](https://github.com/felixge/node-mysql).
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## Type mappings
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See [LoopBack 4 types](http://loopback.io/doc/en/lb4/LoopBack-types.html) (or [LoopBack 3 types](http://loopback.io/doc/en/lb3/LoopBack-types.html)) for
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details on LoopBack's data types.
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### LoopBack to MySQL types
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th width="450">LoopBack Type</th>
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<th width="450">MySQL Type</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>String/JSON</td>
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<td>VARCHAR</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Text</td>
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<td>TEXT</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Number</td>
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<td>INT</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Date</td>
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<td>DATETIME</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Boolean</td>
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<td>TINYINT(1)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="http://apidocs.strongloop.com/loopback-datasource-juggler/#geopoint" class="external-link">GeoPoint</a> object</td>
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<td>POINT</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Custom Enum type<br>(See <a href="#enum">Enum</a> below)</td>
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<td>ENUM</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### MySQL to LoopBack types
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th width="450">MySQL Type</th>
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<th width="450">LoopBack Type</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>CHAR</td>
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<td>String</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>BIT(1)<br>CHAR(1)<br>TINYINT(1)</td>
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<td>Boolean</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>VARCHAR<br>TINYTEXT<br>MEDIUMTEXT<br>LONGTEXT<br>TEXT<br>ENUM<br>SET</td>
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<td>String</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>TINYBLOB<br>MEDIUMBLOB<br>LONGBLOB<br>BLOB<br>BINARY<br>VARBINARY<br>BIT</td>
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<td>Node.js <a href="http://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html">Buffer object</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>TINYINT<br>SMALLINT<br>INT<br>MEDIUMINT<br>YEAR<br>FLOAT<br>DOUBLE<br>NUMERIC<br>DECIMAL</td>
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<td>
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<p>Number<br>For FLOAT and DOUBLE, see <a href="#floating-point-types">Floating-point types</a>. </p>
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<p>For NUMERIC and DECIMAL, see <a href="MySQL-connector.html">Fixed-point exact value types</a></p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>DATE<br>TIMESTAMP<br>DATETIME</td>
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<td>Date</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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_NOTE_ as of v3.0.0 of MySQL Connector, the following flags were introduced:
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- `treatCHAR1AsString` default `false` - treats CHAR(1) as a String instead of a
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Boolean
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- `treatBIT1AsBit` default `true` - treats BIT(1) as a Boolean instead of a
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Binary
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- `treatTINYINT1AsTinyInt` default `true` - treats TINYINT(1) as a Boolean
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instead of a Number
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## Data mapping properties
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Except the common database-specific properties we introduce in [How LoopBack Models Map To Database Tables/Collections](https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb4/Model.html#how-loopback-models-map-to-database-tablescollections), the following are more detailed examples and MySQL-specific settings.
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### Table/Column Names
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Besides the basic LoopBack types, as we introduced above, you can also specify
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additional MySQL-specific properties for a LoopBack model. It would be mapped to
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the database.
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Use the `mysql.<property>` in the model definition or the property definition to
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configure the table/column definition.
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For example, the following settings would allow you to have custom table name
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(`Custom_User`) and column name (`custom_id` and `custom_name`). Such mapping is
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useful when you'd like to have different table/column names from the model:
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{% include code-caption.html content="user.model.ts" %}
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```ts
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@model({
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settings: { mysql: { schema: 'testdb', table: 'Custom_User'} },
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})
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export class User extends Entity {
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@property({
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type: 'number',
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required: true,
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id: true,
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mysql: {
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columnName: 'custom_id',
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},
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})
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id: number;
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@property({
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type: 'string',
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mysql: {
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columnName: 'custom_name',
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},
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})
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name?: string;
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```
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<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>For LoopBack 3 users</strong></summary>
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```javascript
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{
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"name": "User",
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"options": {
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"mysql": {
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"schema": "testdb",
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"table": "Custom_User"
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}
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},
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"properties": {
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"id": {
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"type": "Number",
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"required": true,
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"mysql": {
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"columnName": "custom_id",
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}
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},
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"name": {
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"type": "String",
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"mysql": {
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"columnName": "custom_name",
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}
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},
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}
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}
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```
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</details>
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### Numeric Types
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Except the names, you can also use the dataType column/property attribute to
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specify what MySQL column type to use. The following MySQL type-dataType
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combinations are supported:
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- number
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- integer
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- tinyint
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- smallint
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- mediumint
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- int
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- bigint
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- float
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- double
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- decimal
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The following examples will be in LoopBack 4 style, but it's the same if you
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provide `mysql.<property>` to the LB3 property definition.
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#### Floating-point types
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For Float and Double data types, use the `precision` and `scale` options to
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specify custom precision. Default is (16,8).
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<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>Example</strong></summary>
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```ts
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@property({
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type: 'Number',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'float',
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precision: 20,
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scale: 4
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}
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})
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price: Number;
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```
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</details>
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#### Fixed-point exact value types
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For Decimal and Numeric types, use the `precision` and `scale` options to
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specify custom precision. Default is (9,2). These aren't likely to function as
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true fixed-point.
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<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>Example</strong></summary>
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```ts
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@property({
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type: 'Number',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'decimal',
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precision: 12,
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scale: 8
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}
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})
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price: Number;
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```
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</details>
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### Text types
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Convert String / DataSource.Text / DataSource.JSON to the following MySQL types:
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- varchar
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- char
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- text
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- mediumtext
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- tinytext
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- longtext
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<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>Example</strong></summary>
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```ts
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@property({
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type: 'String',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'char',
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dataLength: 24 // limits the property length
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},
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})
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userName: String;
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```
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</details>
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### Dat types
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Convert JSON Date types to datetime or timestamp.
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<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>Example</strong></summary>
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```ts
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@property({
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type: 'Date',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'timestamp',
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},
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})
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startTime: Date;
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```
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</details>
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### Enum
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Enums are special. Create an Enum using Enum factory:
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```ts
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const MOOD = dataSource.EnumFactory('glad', 'sad', 'mad');
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MOOD.SAD; // 'sad'
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MOOD(2); // 'sad'
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MOOD('SAD'); // 'sad'
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MOOD('sad'); // 'sad'
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export class User extends Entity {
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//..
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@property({
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type: MOOD,
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})
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mood: MOOD;
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}
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```
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### Default Clause/Constant
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Use the `default` and `dataType` properties to have MySQL handle **setting column `DEFAULT` value**.
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<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>Example</strong></summary>
|
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```ts
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@property({
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type: 'String',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'varchar',
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default: 'pending'
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}
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})
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status: String;
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@property({
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type: 'Number',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'int',
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default: 42
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}
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})
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maxDays: Number;
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@property({
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type: 'boolean',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'tinyint',
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default: 1
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}
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})
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isDone: Boolean;
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```
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</details>
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For the date or timestamp types use `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` or `now`.
|
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|
||
<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>Example</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
```ts
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@property({
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type: 'Date',
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mysql: {
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dataType: 'datetime',
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default: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'
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}
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})
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last_modified: Date;
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```
|
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|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
**NOTE**: The following column types do **NOT** supported
|
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[MySQL Default Values](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/data-type-defaults.html):
|
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|
||
- BLOB
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- TEXT
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- GEOMETRY
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- JSON
|
||
|
||
## Discovery and auto-migration
|
||
|
||
### Model discovery
|
||
|
||
The MySQL connector supports _model discovery_ that enables you to create
|
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LoopBack models based on an existing database schema. Once you defined your
|
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datasource:
|
||
|
||
- LoopBack 4 users could use the commend
|
||
[`lb4 discover`](https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb4/Discovering-models.html) to
|
||
discover models.
|
||
- For LB3 users, please check
|
||
[Discovering models from relational databases](https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb3/Discovering-models-from-relational-databases.html).
|
||
(See
|
||
[database discovery API](http://apidocs.strongloop.com/loopback-datasource-juggler/#datasource-prototype-discoverandbuildmodels)
|
||
for related APIs information)
|
||
|
||
### Auto-migration
|
||
|
||
The MySQL connector also supports _auto-migration_ that enables you to create a
|
||
database schema from LoopBack models. For example, based on the following model,
|
||
the auto-migration method would create/alter existing `Customer` table in the
|
||
database. Table `Customer` would have two columns: `name` and `id`, where `id`
|
||
is also the primary key that has `auto_increment` set as it has definition of
|
||
`type: 'Number'` and `generated: true`:
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
@model()
|
||
export class Customer extends Entity {
|
||
@property({
|
||
id: true,
|
||
type: 'Number',
|
||
generated: true,
|
||
})
|
||
id: number;
|
||
|
||
@property({
|
||
type: 'string',
|
||
})
|
||
name: string;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Moreover, additional MySQL-specific properties mentioned in the
|
||
[Data mapping properties](#data-mapping-properties) section work with
|
||
auto-migration as well.
|
||
|
||
#### Auto-generated ids
|
||
|
||
For now LoopBack MySQL connector only supports auto-generated id
|
||
(`generated: true`) for integer type as for MySQL, the default id type is
|
||
_integer_. If you'd like to use other types such as string (uuid) as the id
|
||
type, you can:
|
||
|
||
- use uuid that is **generated by your LB application** by setting
|
||
[`defaultFn: uuid`](https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb4/Model.html#property-decorator).
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
@property({
|
||
id: true,
|
||
type: 'string'
|
||
defaultFn: 'uuidv4',
|
||
// generated: true, -> not needed
|
||
})
|
||
id: string;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Alter the table in your database to use a certain function if you prefer
|
||
having **the database to generate the value**.
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
@property({
|
||
id: true,
|
||
type: 'string'
|
||
generated: true, // to indicate the value generates by the db
|
||
useDefaultIdType: false, // needed
|
||
})
|
||
id: string;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Auto-migrate/Auto-update models with foreign keys
|
||
|
||
Foreign key constraints can be defined in the model definition.
|
||
|
||
**Note**: The order of table creation is important. A referenced table must
|
||
exist before creating a foreign key constraint.
|
||
|
||
Define your models and the foreign key constraints as follows:
|
||
|
||
{% include code-caption.html content="customer.model.ts" %}
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
@model()
|
||
export class Customer extends Entity {
|
||
@property({
|
||
id: true,
|
||
type: 'Number',
|
||
generated: true,
|
||
})
|
||
id: number;
|
||
|
||
@property({
|
||
type: 'string',
|
||
})
|
||
name: string;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`order.model.ts`:
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
@model({
|
||
settings: {
|
||
foreignKeys: {
|
||
fk_order_customerId: {
|
||
name: 'fk_order_customerId',
|
||
entity: 'Customer',
|
||
entityKey: 'id',
|
||
foreignKey: 'customerId',
|
||
},
|
||
},
|
||
})
|
||
export class Order extends Entity {
|
||
@property({
|
||
id: true,
|
||
type: 'Number',
|
||
generated: true
|
||
})
|
||
id: number;
|
||
|
||
@property({
|
||
type: 'string'
|
||
})
|
||
name: string;
|
||
|
||
@property({
|
||
type: 'Number'
|
||
})
|
||
customerId: number;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>For LoopBack 3 users</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
({
|
||
"name": "Customer",
|
||
"options": {
|
||
"idInjection": false
|
||
},
|
||
"properties": {
|
||
"id": {
|
||
"type": "Number",
|
||
"id": 1
|
||
},
|
||
"name": {
|
||
"type": "String",
|
||
"required": false
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "Order",
|
||
"options": {
|
||
"idInjection": false,
|
||
"foreignKeys": {
|
||
"fk_order_customerId": {
|
||
"name": "fk_order_customerId",
|
||
"entity": "Customer",
|
||
"entityKey": "id",
|
||
"foreignKey": "customerId"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"properties": {
|
||
"id": {
|
||
"type": "Number"
|
||
"id": 1
|
||
},
|
||
"customerId": {
|
||
"type": "Number"
|
||
},
|
||
"description": {
|
||
"type": "String",
|
||
"required": false
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
MySQL handles the foreign key integrity by the referential action specified by
|
||
`ON UPDATE` and `ON DELETE`. You can specify which referential actions the
|
||
foreign key follows in the model definition upon auto-migrate or auto-update
|
||
operation. Both `onDelete` and `onUpdate` default to `restrict`.
|
||
|
||
Take the example we showed above, let's add the referential action to the
|
||
foreign key `customerId`:
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
@model({
|
||
settings: {
|
||
foreignKeys: {
|
||
fk_order_customerId: {
|
||
name: 'fk_order_customerId',
|
||
entity: 'Customer',
|
||
entityKey: 'id',
|
||
foreignKey: 'customerId',
|
||
onUpdate: 'restrict', // restrict|cascade|set null|no action|set default
|
||
onDelete: 'cascade' // restrict|cascade|set null|no action|set default
|
||
},
|
||
},
|
||
})
|
||
export class Order extends Entity {
|
||
...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>For LoopBack 3 users</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
**model-definiton.json**
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "Customer",
|
||
"options": {
|
||
"idInjection": false
|
||
},
|
||
"properties": {
|
||
"id": {
|
||
"type": "Number",
|
||
"id": 1
|
||
},
|
||
"name": {
|
||
"type": "String",
|
||
"required": false
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "Order",
|
||
"options": {
|
||
"idInjection": false,
|
||
"foreignKeys": {
|
||
"fk_order_customerId": {
|
||
"name": "fk_order_customerId",
|
||
"entity": "Customer",
|
||
"entityKey": "id",
|
||
"foreignKey": "customerId",
|
||
"onUpdate": "restrict",
|
||
"onDelete": "cascade"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"properties": {
|
||
"id": {
|
||
"type": "Number"
|
||
"id": 1
|
||
},
|
||
"customerId": {
|
||
"type": "Number"
|
||
},
|
||
"description": {
|
||
"type": "String",
|
||
"required": false
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**boot-script.js**
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
module.exports = function (app) {
|
||
var mysqlDs = app.dataSources.mysqlDS;
|
||
var Book = app.models.Order;
|
||
var Author = app.models.Customer;
|
||
|
||
// first autoupdate the `Customer` model to avoid foreign key constraint failure
|
||
mysqlDs.autoupdate('Customer', function (err) {
|
||
if (err) throw err;
|
||
console.log('\nAutoupdated table `Customer`.');
|
||
|
||
mysqlDs.autoupdate('Order', function (err) {
|
||
if (err) throw err;
|
||
console.log('\nAutoupdated table `Order`.');
|
||
// at this point the database table `Order` should have one foreign key `customerId` integrated
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
#### Breaking Changes with GeoPoint since 5.x
|
||
|
||
Prior to `loopback-connector-mysql@5.x`, MySQL connector was saving and loading
|
||
GeoPoint properties from the MySQL database in reverse. MySQL expects values to
|
||
be `POINT(X, Y)` or `POINT(lng, lat)`, but the connector was saving them in the
|
||
opposite order(i.e. `POINT(lat,lng)`).
|
||
|
||
Use the `geopoint` type to achieve so:
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
@property({
|
||
type: 'geopoint'
|
||
})
|
||
name: GeoPoint;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you have an application with a model that has a GeoPoint property using
|
||
previous versions of this connector, you can migrate your models using the
|
||
following programmatic approach:
|
||
|
||
<details><summary markdown="span"><strong>Click here to expand</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
**NOTE** Please back up the database tables that have your application data
|
||
before performing any of the steps.
|
||
|
||
1. Create a boot script under `server/boot/` directory with the following:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
'use strict';
|
||
module.exports = function (app) {
|
||
function findAndUpdate() {
|
||
var teashop = app.models.teashop;
|
||
//find all instances of the model we'd like to migrate
|
||
teashop.find({}, function (err, teashops) {
|
||
teashops.forEach(function (teashopInstance) {
|
||
//what we fetch back from the db is wrong, so need to revert it here
|
||
var newLocation = {
|
||
lng: teashopInstance.location.lat,
|
||
lat: teashopInstance.location.lng,
|
||
};
|
||
//only update the GeoPoint property for the model
|
||
teashopInstance.updateAttribute('location', newLocation, function (
|
||
err,
|
||
inst,
|
||
) {
|
||
if (err) console.log('update attribute failed', err);
|
||
else console.log('updateAttribute successful');
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
findAndUpdate();
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Run the boot script by simply running your application or `node .`
|
||
|
||
For the above example, the model definition is as follows:
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "teashop",
|
||
"base": "PersistedModel",
|
||
"idInjection": true,
|
||
"options": {
|
||
"validateUpsert": true
|
||
},
|
||
"properties": {
|
||
"name": {
|
||
"type": "string",
|
||
"default": "storename"
|
||
},
|
||
"location": {
|
||
"type": "geopoint"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"validations": [],
|
||
"relations": {},
|
||
"acls": [],
|
||
"methods": {}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
## Running tests
|
||
|
||
### Own instance
|
||
|
||
If you have a local or remote MySQL instance and would like to use that to run
|
||
the test suite, use the following command:
|
||
|
||
- Linux
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
MYSQL_HOST=<HOST> MYSQL_PORT=<PORT> MYSQL_USER=<USER> MYSQL_PASSWORD=<PASSWORD> MYSQL_DATABASE=<DATABASE> CI=true npm test
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Windows
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
SET MYSQL_HOST=<HOST> SET MYSQL_PORT=<PORT> SET MYSQL_USER=<USER> SET MYSQL_PASSWORD=<PASSWORD> SET MYSQL_DATABASE=<DATABASE> SET CI=true npm test
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Docker
|
||
|
||
If you do not have a local MySQL instance, you can also run the test suite with
|
||
very minimal requirements.
|
||
|
||
- Assuming you have [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/)
|
||
installed, run the following script which would spawn a MySQL instance on your
|
||
local:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
source setup.sh <HOST> <PORT> <USER> <PASSWORD> <DATABASE>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
where `<HOST>`, `<PORT>`, `<USER>`, `<PASSWORD>` and `<DATABASE>` are optional
|
||
parameters. The default values are `localhost`, `3306`, `root`, `pass` and
|
||
`testdb` respectively.
|
||
|
||
- Run the test:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
npm test
|
||
```
|