diff --git a/lib/connectors/memory.js b/lib/connectors/memory.js
index 97687cf2..ea9c9d3a 100644
--- a/lib/connectors/memory.js
+++ b/lib/connectors/memory.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ var fs = require('fs');
 var async = require('async');
 
 /**
- * Initialize the Oracle connector against the given data source
+ * Initialize the Memory connector against the given data source
  *
  * @param {DataSource} dataSource The loopback-datasource-juggler dataSource
  * @param {Function} [callback] The callback function
@@ -406,9 +406,10 @@ function applyFilter(filter) {
     if (typeof value === 'string' && (example instanceof RegExp)) {
       return value.match(example);
     }
-    if (example === undefined || value === undefined) {
+    if (example === undefined) {
       return undefined;
     }
+
     if (typeof example === 'object') {
       // ignore geo near filter
       if (example.near) {
@@ -425,6 +426,10 @@ function applyFilter(filter) {
         return false;
       }
 
+      if ('neq' in example) {
+        return compare(example.neq, value) !== 0;
+      }
+
       if (example.like || example.nlike) {
 
         var like = example.like || example.nlike;
@@ -445,7 +450,8 @@ function applyFilter(filter) {
       }
     }
     // not strict equality
-    return (example !== null ? example.toString() : example) == (value !== null ? value.toString() : value);
+    return (example !== null ? example.toString() : example)
+      == (value != null ? value.toString() : value);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lib/connectors/transient.js b/lib/connectors/transient.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce8354ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/connectors/transient.js
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+var util = require('util');
+var Connector = require('loopback-connector').Connector;
+var utils = require('../utils');
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+
+/**
+ * Initialize the Transient connector against the given data source
+ *
+ * @param {DataSource} dataSource The loopback-datasource-juggler dataSource
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The callback function
+ */
+exports.initialize = function initializeDataSource(dataSource, callback) {
+  dataSource.connector = new Transient(null, dataSource.settings);
+  dataSource.connector.connect(callback);
+};
+
+exports.Transient = Transient;
+
+function Transient(m, settings) {
+  settings = settings || {};
+  if (typeof settings.generateId === 'function') {
+    this.generateId = settings.generateId.bind(this);
+  }
+  this.defaultIdType = settings.defaultIdType || String;
+  if (m instanceof Transient) {
+    this.isTransaction = true;
+    this.constructor.super_.call(this, 'transient', settings);
+    this._models = m._models;
+  } else {
+    this.isTransaction = false;
+    this.constructor.super_.call(this, 'transient', settings);
+  }
+}
+
+util.inherits(Transient, Connector);
+
+Transient.prototype.getDefaultIdType = function() {
+  return this.defaultIdType;
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.getTypes = function() {
+  return ['db', 'nosql', 'transient'];
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.connect = function (callback) {
+  if (this.isTransaction) {
+    this.onTransactionExec = callback;
+  } else {
+    process.nextTick(callback);
+  }
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.generateId = function(model, data, idName) {
+  var idType;
+  var props = this._models[model].properties;
+  if (idName) idType = props[idName] && props[idName].type;
+  idType = idType || this.getDefaultIdType();
+  if (idType === Number) {
+    return Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000); // max. 4 digits
+  } else {
+    return crypto.randomBytes(Math.ceil(24/2))
+        .toString('hex') // convert to hexadecimal format
+        .slice(0, 24);   // return required number of characters
+  }
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.exists = function exists(model, id, callback) {
+  process.nextTick(function () { callback(null, false); }.bind(this));
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.find = function find(model, id, callback) {
+  process.nextTick(function () { callback(null, null); }.bind(this));
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.all = function all(model, filter, callback) {
+  process.nextTick(function () { callback(null, []); });
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.count = function count(model, callback, where) {
+  process.nextTick(function () { callback(null, 0); });
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.create = function create(model, data, callback) {
+  var props = this._models[model].properties;
+  var idName = this.idName(model);
+  if (idName && props[idName]) {
+    var id = this.getIdValue(model, data) || this.generateId(model, data, idName);
+    id = (props[idName] && props[idName].type && props[idName].type(id)) || id;
+    this.setIdValue(model, data, id);
+  }
+  this.flush('create', id, callback);
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.save = function save(model, data, callback) {
+  this.flush('save', data, callback);
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.update =
+  Transient.prototype.updateAll = function updateAll(model, where, data, cb) {
+    this.flush('update', null, cb);
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.updateAttributes = function updateAttributes(model, id, data, cb) {
+  if (!id) {
+    var err = new Error('You must provide an id when updating attributes!');
+    if (cb) {
+      return cb(err);
+    } else {
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  this.setIdValue(model, data, id);
+  this.save(model, data, cb);
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.destroy = function destroy(model, id, callback) {
+  this.flush('destroy', null, callback);
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.destroyAll = function destroyAll(model, where, callback) {
+  if (!callback && 'function' === typeof where) {
+    callback = where;
+    where = undefined;
+  }
+  this.flush('destroyAll', null, callback);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Flush the cache - noop.
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ */
+Transient.prototype.flush = function (action, result, callback) {
+  process.nextTick(function () { callback && callback(null, result); });
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.transaction = function () {
+  return new Transient(this);
+};
+
+Transient.prototype.exec = function (callback) {
+  this.onTransactionExec();
+  setTimeout(callback, 50);
+};
diff --git a/lib/dao.js b/lib/dao.js
index 58ca673f..6806209a 100644
--- a/lib/dao.js
+++ b/lib/dao.js
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ module.exports = DataAccessObject;
  * Module dependencies
  */
 var jutil = require('./jutil');
-var validations = require('./validations.js');
-var ValidationError = validations.ValidationError;
+var ValidationError = require('./validations').ValidationError;
 var Relation = require('./relations.js');
 var Inclusion = require('./include.js');
 var List = require('./list.js');
@@ -40,15 +39,12 @@ function DataAccessObject() {
   }
 }
 
-
-
 function idName(m) {
-  return m.getDataSource().idName
-    ? m.getDataSource().idName(m.modelName) : 'id';
+  return m.definition.idName() || 'id';
 }
 
 function getIdValue(m, data) {
-  return data && data[m.getDataSource().idName(m.modelName)];
+  return data && data[idName(m)];
 }
 
 function setIdValue(m, data, value) {
@@ -331,7 +327,7 @@ DataAccessObject.findByIds = function(ids, cond, cb) {
     cond = {};
   }
   
-  var pk = this.dataSource.idName(this.modelName) || 'id';
+  var pk = idName(this);
   if (ids.length === 0) {
     process.nextTick(function() { cb(null, []); });
     return;
diff --git a/lib/datasource.js b/lib/datasource.js
index c55ed685..19522e29 100644
--- a/lib/datasource.js
+++ b/lib/datasource.js
@@ -392,6 +392,7 @@ DataSource.prototype.defineScopes = function (modelClass, scopes) {
  * @param relations
  */
 DataSource.prototype.defineRelations = function (modelClass, relations) {
+  var self = this;
 
   // Create a function for the closure in the loop
   var createListener = function (name, relation, targetModel, throughModel) {
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ DataSource.prototype.defineRelations = function (modelClass, relations) {
       throughModel.once('dataAccessConfigured', function (model) {
         if (isModelDataSourceAttached(targetModel)) {
           // The target model is resolved
-          var params = traverse(relations).clone();
+          var params = traverse(relation).clone();
           params.as = name;
           params.model = targetModel;
           params.through = model;
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ DataSource.prototype.defineRelations = function (modelClass, relations) {
 
   // Set up the relations
   if (relations) {
-    for (var rn in relations) {
+    Object.keys(relations).forEach(function(rn) {
       var r = relations[rn];
       assert(DataSource.relationTypes.indexOf(r.type) !== -1, "Invalid relation type: " + r.type);
       var targetModel, polymorphicName;
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ DataSource.prototype.defineRelations = function (modelClass, relations) {
       }
       
       if (r.model) {
-        targetModel = isModelClass(r.model) ? r.model : this.getModel(r.model, true);
+        targetModel = isModelClass(r.model) ? r.model : self.getModel(r.model, true);
       }
       
       var throughModel = null;
       if (r.through) {
-        throughModel = isModelClass(r.through) ? r.through : this.getModel(r.through, true);
+        throughModel = isModelClass(r.through) ? r.through : self.getModel(r.through, true);
       }
       
       if ((targetModel && !isModelDataSourceAttached(targetModel)) 
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ DataSource.prototype.defineRelations = function (modelClass, relations) {
         }
         modelClass[r.type].call(modelClass, rn, params);
       }
-    }
+    });
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/lib/model-definition.js b/lib/model-definition.js
index ae53a1be..32bbcd1c 100644
--- a/lib/model-definition.js
+++ b/lib/model-definition.js
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ ModelDefinition.prototype.build = function (forceRebuild) {
     this.properties = null;
     this.relations = [];
     this._ids = null;
+    this.json = null;
   }
   if (this.properties) {
     return this.properties;
diff --git a/lib/model.js b/lib/model.js
index 069d39c1..5d29a5d8 100644
--- a/lib/model.js
+++ b/lib/model.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ var util = require('util');
 var jutil = require('./jutil');
 var List = require('./list');
 var Hookable = require('./hooks');
-var validations = require('./validations.js');
+var validations = require('./validations');
 var _extend = util._extend;
 
 // Set up an object for quick lookup
diff --git a/lib/relation-definition.js b/lib/relation-definition.js
index 29c48f13..3a5b7371 100644
--- a/lib/relation-definition.js
+++ b/lib/relation-definition.js
@@ -391,13 +391,13 @@ util.inherits(HasOne, Relation);
  * EmbedsOne subclass
  * @param {RelationDefinition|Object} definition
  * @param {Object} modelInstance
- * @returns {EmbedsMany}
+ * @returns {EmbedsOne}
  * @constructor
  * @class EmbedsOne
  */
 function EmbedsOne(definition, modelInstance) {
   if (!(this instanceof EmbedsOne)) {
-    return new EmbedsMany(definition, modelInstance);
+    return new EmbedsOne(definition, modelInstance);
   }
   assert(definition.type === RelationTypes.embedsOne);
   Relation.apply(this, arguments);
@@ -489,7 +489,6 @@ function lookupModelTo(modelFrom, modelTo, params, singularize) {
     }
     if (typeof modelTo === 'string') {
       modelToName = (singularize ? i8n.singularize(params.as) : params.as).toLowerCase();
-      console.log(modelToName)
       modelTo = lookupModel(modelFrom.dataSource.modelBuilder.models, modelToName) || modelTo;
     }
     if (typeof modelTo !== 'function') {
@@ -504,9 +503,9 @@ function lookupModelTo(modelFrom, modelTo, params, singularize) {
  * @param {Object|String} params Name of the polymorphic relation or params
  * @returns {Object} The normalized parameters
  */
-function polymorphicParams(params) {
+function polymorphicParams(params, as) {
   if (typeof params === 'string') params = { as: params };
-  if (typeof params.as !== 'string') params.as = 'reference'; // default
+  if (typeof params.as !== 'string') params.as = as || 'reference'; // default
   params.foreignKey = params.foreignKey || i8n.camelize(params.as + '_id', true);
   params.discriminator = params.discriminator || i8n.camelize(params.as + '_type', true);
   return params;
@@ -541,13 +540,17 @@ RelationDefinition.hasMany = function hasMany(modelFrom, modelTo, params) {
   
   var relationName = params.as || i8n.camelize(modelTo.pluralModelName, true);
   var fk = params.foreignKey || i8n.camelize(thisClassName + '_id', true);
+  var keyThrough = params.keyThrough || i8n.camelize(modelTo.modelName + '_id', true);
 
   var idName = modelFrom.dataSource.idName(modelFrom.modelName) || 'id';
   var discriminator, polymorphic;
   
   if (params.polymorphic) {
     polymorphic = polymorphicParams(params.polymorphic);
-    if (params.invert) polymorphic.invert = true;
+    if (params.invert) {
+      polymorphic.invert = true;
+      keyThrough = polymorphic.foreignKey;
+    }
     discriminator = polymorphic.discriminator;
     if (!params.invert) {
       fk = polymorphic.foreignKey;
@@ -568,14 +571,12 @@ RelationDefinition.hasMany = function hasMany(modelFrom, modelTo, params) {
     properties: params.properties,
     scope: params.scope,
     options: params.options,
+    keyThrough: keyThrough,
     polymorphic: polymorphic
   });
   
   definition.modelThrough = params.through;
   
-  var keyThrough = definition.throughKey || i8n.camelize(modelTo.modelName + '_id', true);
-  definition.keyThrough = keyThrough;
-  
   modelFrom.relations[relationName] = definition;
 
   if (!params.through) {
@@ -636,16 +637,34 @@ RelationDefinition.hasMany = function hasMany(modelFrom, modelTo, params) {
     filter.where[fk] = this[idName];
     
     definition.applyScope(this, filter);
-    
-    if (params.through && params.polymorphic && params.invert) {
-      filter.where[discriminator] = modelTo.modelName; // overwrite
-      filter.collect = params.polymorphic;
-      filter.include = filter.collect;
-    } else if (params.through) {
-      filter.collect = i8n.camelize(modelTo.modelName, true);
-      filter.include = filter.collect;
+
+    if (definition.modelThrough) {
+      var throughRelationName;
+
+      // find corresponding belongsTo relations from through model as collect
+      for(var r in definition.modelThrough.relations) {
+        var relation = definition.modelThrough.relations[r];
+
+        // should be a belongsTo and match modelTo and keyThrough
+        // if relation is polymorphic then check keyThrough only
+        if (relation.type === RelationTypes.belongsTo &&
+          (relation.polymorphic && !relation.modelTo || relation.modelTo === definition.modelTo) &&
+          (relation.keyFrom === definition.keyThrough)
+          ) {
+          throughRelationName = relation.name;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (definition.polymorphic && definition.polymorphic.invert) {
+        filter.collect = definition.polymorphic.as;
+        filter.include = filter.collect;
+      } else {
+        filter.collect = throughRelationName || i8n.camelize(modelTo.modelName, true);
+        filter.include = filter.collect;
+      }
     }
-    
+
     return filter;
   }, scopeMethods, definition.options);
   
@@ -918,14 +937,18 @@ HasManyThrough.prototype.create = function create(data, done) {
 /**
  * Add the target model instance to the 'hasMany' relation
  * @param {Object|ID} acInst The actual instance or id value
+ * @param {Object} [data] Optional data object for the through model to be created
  */
-HasManyThrough.prototype.add = function (acInst, done) {
+HasManyThrough.prototype.add = function (acInst, data, done) {
   var self = this;
   var definition = this.definition;
   var modelThrough = definition.modelThrough;
   var pk1 = definition.keyFrom;
 
-  var data = {};
+  if (typeof data === 'function') {
+    done = data;
+    data = {};
+  }
   var query = {};
   
   // The primary key for the target model
@@ -1056,21 +1079,23 @@ RelationDefinition.belongsTo = function (modelFrom, modelTo, params) {
 
   var idName, relationName, fk;
   if (params.polymorphic) {
+    relationName = params.as || (typeof modelTo === 'string' ? modelTo : null); // initially
+    
     if (params.polymorphic === true) {
       // modelTo arg will be the name of the polymorphic relation (string)
-      polymorphic = polymorphicParams(modelTo);
+      polymorphic = polymorphicParams(modelTo, relationName);
     } else {
-      polymorphic = polymorphicParams(params.polymorphic);
+      polymorphic = polymorphicParams(params.polymorphic, relationName);
     }
     
     modelTo = null; // will lookup dynamically
     
     idName = params.idName || 'id';
-    relationName = params.as || polymorphic.as;
+    relationName = params.as || polymorphic.as; // finally
     fk = polymorphic.foreignKey;
     discriminator = polymorphic.discriminator;
     
-    if (typeof polymorphic.idType === 'string') { // explicit key type
+    if (polymorphic.idType) { // explicit key type
       modelFrom.dataSource.defineProperty(modelFrom.modelName, fk, { type: polymorphic.idType, index: true });
     } else { // try to use the same foreign key type as modelFrom
       modelFrom.dataSource.defineForeignKey(modelFrom.modelName, fk, modelFrom.modelName);
@@ -1842,8 +1867,9 @@ RelationDefinition.embedsMany = function embedsMany(modelFrom, modelTo, params)
     type: [modelTo], default: function() { return []; } 
   });
   
-  // unique id is required
-  modelTo.validatesPresenceOf(idName);
+  if (typeof modelTo.dataSource.connector.generateId !== 'function') {
+    modelTo.validatesPresenceOf(idName); // unique id is required
+  }
   
   if (!params.polymorphic) {
     modelFrom.validate(propertyName, function(err) {
@@ -1853,7 +1879,7 @@ RelationDefinition.embedsMany = function embedsMany(modelFrom, modelTo, params)
           return ids.indexOf(id) === pos;
       });
       if (ids.length !== uniqueIds.length) {
-        this.errors.add(propertyName, 'Contains duplicate `' + idName + '`', 'uniqueness');
+        this.errors.add(propertyName, 'contains duplicate `' + idName + '`', 'uniqueness');
         err(false);
       }
     }, { code: 'uniqueness' })
@@ -1877,7 +1903,7 @@ RelationDefinition.embedsMany = function embedsMany(modelFrom, modelTo, params)
           }
         } else {
           hasErrors = true;
-          self.errors.add(propertyName, 'Contains invalid item', 'invalid');
+          self.errors.add(propertyName, 'contains invalid item', 'invalid');
         }
       });
       if (hasErrors) err(false);
@@ -2143,7 +2169,6 @@ EmbedsMany.prototype.create = function (targetModelData, cb) {
   var modelTo = this.definition.modelTo;
   var propertyName = this.definition.keyFrom;
   var modelInstance = this.modelInstance;
-  var autoId = this.definition.options.autoId !== false;
   
   if (typeof targetModelData === 'function' && !cb) {
     cb = targetModelData;
@@ -2170,16 +2195,22 @@ EmbedsMany.prototype.create = function (targetModelData, cb) {
 };
 
 EmbedsMany.prototype.build = function(targetModelData) {
-  var pk = this.definition.keyTo;
   var modelTo = this.definition.modelTo;
   var modelInstance = this.modelInstance;
-  var autoId = this.definition.options.autoId !== false;
+  var forceId = this.definition.options.forceId;
+  var connector = modelTo.dataSource.connector;
+  
+  var pk = this.definition.keyTo;
+  var pkProp = modelTo.definition.properties[pk]
+  var pkType = pkProp && pkProp.type;
   
   var embeddedList = this.embeddedList();
   
   targetModelData = targetModelData || {};
   
-  if (typeof targetModelData[pk] !== 'number' && autoId) {
+  var assignId = (forceId || targetModelData[pk] === undefined);
+  
+  if (assignId && pkType === Number) {
     var ids = embeddedList.map(function(m) { 
       return (typeof m[pk] === 'number' ? m[pk] : 0);
     });
@@ -2188,6 +2219,9 @@ EmbedsMany.prototype.build = function(targetModelData) {
     } else {
       targetModelData[pk] = 1;
     }
+  } else if (assignId && typeof connector.generateId === 'function') {
+      var id = connector.generateId(modelTo.modelName, targetModelData, pk);
+      targetModelData[pk] = id;
   }
   
   this.definition.applyProperties(modelInstance, targetModelData);
@@ -2325,7 +2359,7 @@ RelationDefinition.referencesMany = function referencesMany(modelFrom, modelTo,
         return ids.indexOf(id) === pos;
     });
     if (ids.length !== uniqueIds.length) {
-      var msg = 'Contains duplicate `' + modelTo.modelName + '` instance';
+      var msg = 'contains duplicate `' + modelTo.modelName + '` instance';
       this.errors.add(relationName, msg, 'uniqueness');
       err(false);
     }
diff --git a/lib/scope.js b/lib/scope.js
index 0dd2b40b..5124251d 100644
--- a/lib/scope.js
+++ b/lib/scope.js
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 var i8n = require('inflection');
 var utils = require('./utils');
 var defineCachedRelations = utils.defineCachedRelations;
+var DefaultModelBaseClass = require('./model.js');
+
 /**
  * Module exports
  */
@@ -13,10 +15,26 @@ function ScopeDefinition(definition) {
   this.modelTo = definition.modelTo || definition.modelFrom;
   this.name = definition.name;
   this.params = definition.params;
-  this.methods = definition.methods;
-  this.options = definition.options;
+  this.methods = definition.methods || {};
+  this.options = definition.options || {};
 }
 
+ScopeDefinition.prototype.targetModel = function(receiver) {
+  if (typeof this.options.modelTo === 'function') {
+    var modelTo = this.options.modelTo.call(this, receiver) || this.modelTo;
+  } else {
+    var modelTo = this.modelTo;
+  }
+  if (!(modelTo.prototype instanceof DefaultModelBaseClass)) {
+    var msg = 'Invalid target model for scope `';
+    msg += (this.isStatic ? this.modelFrom : this.modelFrom.constructor).modelName;
+    msg += this.isStatic ? '.' : '.prototype.';
+    msg += this.name + '`.';
+    throw new Error(msg);
+  }
+  return modelTo;
+};
+
 ScopeDefinition.prototype.related = function(receiver, scopeParams, condOrRefresh, cb) {
   var name = this.name;
   var self = receiver;
@@ -42,7 +60,8 @@ ScopeDefinition.prototype.related = function(receiver, scopeParams, condOrRefres
     || actualRefresh) {
     // It either doesn't hit the cache or refresh is required
     var params = mergeQuery(actualCond, scopeParams);
-    return this.modelTo.find(params, function (err, data) {
+    var targetModel = this.targetModel(receiver);
+    return targetModel.find(params, function (err, data) {
       if (!err && saveOnCache) {
         defineCachedRelations(self);
         self.__cachedRelations[name] = data;
@@ -74,7 +93,6 @@ ScopeDefinition.prototype.defineMethod = function(name, fn) {
  * @param methods An object of methods keyed by the method name to be bound to the class
  */
 function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
-
   // collect meta info about scope
   if (!cls._scopeMeta) {
     cls._scopeMeta = {};
@@ -84,7 +102,7 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
   // are same
   if (cls === targetClass) {
     cls._scopeMeta[name] = params;
-  } else {
+  } else if (targetClass) {
     if (!targetClass._scopeMeta) {
       targetClass._scopeMeta = {};
     }
@@ -100,7 +118,7 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
     name: name,
     params: params,
     methods: methods,
-    options: options || {}
+    options: options
   });
 
   if(isStatic) {
@@ -127,7 +145,9 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
      *
      */
     get: function () {
+      var targetModel = definition.targetModel(this);
       var self = this;
+      
       var f = function(condOrRefresh, cb) {
         if(arguments.length === 1) {
           definition.related(self, f._scope, condOrRefresh);
@@ -135,15 +155,16 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
           definition.related(self, f._scope, condOrRefresh, cb);
         }
       };
-
+      
+      f._receiver = this;
       f._scope = typeof definition.params === 'function' ?
         definition.params.call(self) : definition.params;
-
-      f._targetClass = definition.modelTo.modelName;
+      
+      f._targetClass = targetModel.modelName;
       if (f._scope.collect) {
         f._targetClass = i8n.capitalize(f._scope.collect);
       }
-
+      
       f.build = build;
       f.create = create;
       f.destroyAll = destroyAll;
@@ -151,6 +172,8 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
       for (var i in definition.methods) {
         f[i] = definition.methods[i].bind(self);
       }
+      
+      if (!targetClass) return f;
 
       // Define scope-chaining, such as
       // Station.scope('active', {where: {isActive: true}});
@@ -160,7 +183,7 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
         Object.defineProperty(f, name, {
           enumerable: false,
           get: function () {
-            mergeQuery(f._scope, targetClass._scopeMeta[name]);
+            mergeQuery(f._scope, targetModel._scopeMeta[name]);
             return f;
           }
         });
@@ -207,16 +230,16 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
    * @param {Object} The data object
    * @param {Object} The where clause
    */
-  function setScopeValuesFromWhere(data, where) {
+  function setScopeValuesFromWhere(data, where, targetModel) {
     for (var i in where) {
       if (i === 'and') {
         // Find fixed property values from each subclauses
         for (var w = 0, n = where[i].length; w < n; w++) {
-          setScopeValuesFromWhere(data, where[i][w]);
+          setScopeValuesFromWhere(data, where[i][w], targetModel);
         }
         continue;
       }
-      var prop = targetClass.definition.properties[i];
+      var prop = targetModel.definition.properties[i];
       if (prop) {
         var val = where[i];
         if (typeof val !== 'object' || val instanceof prop.type
@@ -233,9 +256,10 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
   function build(data) {
     data = data || {};
     // Find all fixed property values for the scope
+    var targetModel = definition.targetModel(this._receiver);
     var where = (this._scope && this._scope.where) || {};
-    setScopeValuesFromWhere(data, where);
-    return new targetClass(data);
+    setScopeValuesFromWhere(data, where, targetModel);
+    return new targetModel(data);
   }
 
   function create(data, cb) {
@@ -256,14 +280,16 @@ function defineScope(cls, targetClass, name, params, methods, options) {
     if (typeof where === 'function') cb = where, where = {};
     var scoped = (this._scope && this._scope.where) || {};
     var filter = mergeQuery({ where: scoped }, { where: where || {} });
-    targetClass.destroyAll(filter.where, cb);
+    var targetModel = definition.targetModel(this._receiver);
+    targetModel.destroyAll(filter.where, cb);
   }
 
   function count(where, cb) {
     if (typeof where === 'function') cb = where, where = {};
     var scoped = (this._scope && this._scope.where) || {};
     var filter = mergeQuery({ where: scoped }, { where: where || {} });
-    targetClass.count(filter.where, cb);
+    var targetModel = definition.targetModel(this._receiver);
+    targetModel.count(filter.where, cb);
   } 
   
   return definition;
diff --git a/lib/validations.js b/lib/validations.js
index 9c67a6af..62d91dbc 100644
--- a/lib/validations.js
+++ b/lib/validations.js
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 var util = require('util');
+var extend = util._extend;
+
 /*!
  * Module exports
  */
@@ -369,7 +371,9 @@ var validators = {
 
 function getConfigurator(name, opts) {
   return function () {
-    configure(this, name, arguments, opts);
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+    args[1] = args[1] || {};
+    configure(this, name, args, opts);
   };
 }
 
@@ -407,9 +411,10 @@ function getConfigurator(name, opts) {
  */
 Validatable.prototype.isValid = function (callback, data) {
   var valid = true, inst = this, wait = 0, async = false;
+  var validations = this.constructor.validations;
 
   // exit with success when no errors
-  if (!this.constructor._validations) {
+  if (typeof validations !== 'object') {
     cleanErrors(this);
     if (callback) {
       this.trigger('validate', function (validationsDone) {
@@ -431,21 +436,25 @@ Validatable.prototype.isValid = function (callback, data) {
     var inst = this,
       asyncFail = false;
 
-    this.constructor._validations.forEach(function (v) {
-      if (v[2] && v[2].async) {
-        async = true;
-        wait += 1;
-        process.nextTick(function () {
-          validationFailed(inst, v, done);
-        });
-      } else {
-        if (validationFailed(inst, v)) {
-          valid = false;
+    var attrs = Object.keys(validations || {});
+    
+    attrs.forEach(function(attr) {
+      var attrValidations = validations[attr] || [];
+      attrValidations.forEach(function(v) {
+        if (v.options && v.options.async) {
+          async = true;
+          wait += 1;
+          process.nextTick(function () {
+            validationFailed(inst, attr, v, done);
+          });
+        } else {
+          if (validationFailed(inst, attr, v)) {
+            valid = false;
+          }
         }
-      }
-
+      });
     });
-
+    
     if (!async) {
       validationsDone.call(inst, function () {
         if (valid) cleanErrors(inst);
@@ -487,11 +496,9 @@ function cleanErrors(inst) {
   });
 }
 
-function validationFailed(inst, v, cb) {
-  var attr = v[0];
-  var conf = v[1];
-  var opts = v[2] || {};
-
+function validationFailed(inst, attr, conf, cb) {
+  var opts = conf.options || {};
+  
   if (typeof attr !== 'string') return false;
 
   // here we should check skip validation conditions (if, unless)
@@ -615,12 +622,12 @@ function blank(v) {
 }
 
 function configure(cls, validation, args, opts) {
-  if (!cls._validations) {
-    Object.defineProperty(cls, '_validations', {
+  if (!cls.validations) {
+    Object.defineProperty(cls, 'validations', {
       writable: true,
       configurable: true,
       enumerable: false,
-      value: []
+      value: {}
     });
   }
   args = [].slice.call(args);
@@ -634,9 +641,13 @@ function configure(cls, validation, args, opts) {
     conf.customValidator = args.pop();
   }
   conf.validation = validation;
-  args.forEach(function (attr) {
-    cls._validations.push([attr, conf, opts]);
-  });
+  var attr = args[0];
+  if (typeof attr === 'string') {
+    var validation = extend({}, conf);
+    validation.options = opts || {};
+    cls.validations[attr] = cls.validations[attr] || [];
+    cls.validations[attr].push(validation);
+  }
 }
 
 function Errors() {
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index c2d3588f..1cf272e8 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "loopback-datasource-juggler",
-  "version": "2.7.0",
+  "version": "2.8.0",
   "description": "LoopBack DataSoure Juggler",
   "keywords": [
     "StrongLoop",
diff --git a/test/init.js b/test/init.js
index 948ccecd..200cabd0 100644
--- a/test/init.js
+++ b/test/init.js
@@ -12,10 +12,17 @@ module.exports = require('should');
  }
  */
 
+var ModelBuilder = require('../').ModelBuilder;
 var Schema = require('../').Schema;
 
 if (!('getSchema' in global)) {
-  global.getSchema = function () {
-    return new Schema('memory');
+  global.getSchema = function (connector, settings) {
+    return new Schema(connector || 'memory', settings);
   };
 }
+
+if (!('getModelBuilder' in global)) {
+  global.getModelBuilder = function () {
+    return new ModelBuilder();
+  };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/loopback-dl.test.js b/test/loopback-dl.test.js
index 940c9a79..bb02bfcf 100644
--- a/test/loopback-dl.test.js
+++ b/test/loopback-dl.test.js
@@ -1110,6 +1110,27 @@ describe('Load models with relations', function () {
     done();
   });
 
+  it('should handle hasMany through options', function (done) {
+    var ds = new DataSource('memory');
+    var Physician = ds.createModel('Physician', {
+      name: String
+    }, {relations: {patients: {model: 'Patient', type: 'hasMany', foreignKey: 'leftId', through: 'Appointment'}}});
+
+    var Patient = ds.createModel('Patient', {
+      name: String
+    }, {relations: {physicians: {model: 'Physician', type: 'hasMany', foreignKey: 'rightId', through: 'Appointment'}}});
+
+    var Appointment = ds.createModel('Appointment', {
+      physicianId: Number,
+      patientId: Number,
+      appointmentDate: Date
+    }, {relations: {patient: {type: 'belongsTo', model: 'Patient'}, physician: {type: 'belongsTo', model: 'Physician'}}});
+
+    assert(Physician.relations['patients'].keyTo === 'leftId');
+    assert(Patient.relations['physicians'].keyTo === 'rightId');
+    done();
+  });
+
   it('should set up relations after attach', function (done) {
     var ds = new DataSource('memory');
     var modelBuilder = new ModelBuilder();
diff --git a/test/manipulation.test.js b/test/manipulation.test.js
index d31b3b9d..2d609063 100644
--- a/test/manipulation.test.js
+++ b/test/manipulation.test.js
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ describe('manipulation', function () {
 
         Person.validatesPresenceOf('name');
         Person.create(batch,function (errors, persons) {
-          delete Person._validations;
+          delete Person.validations;
           should.exist(errors);
           errors.should.have.lengthOf(batch.length);
           should.not.exist(errors[0]);
diff --git a/test/memory.test.js b/test/memory.test.js
index 40283b82..453ac9e8 100644
--- a/test/memory.test.js
+++ b/test/memory.test.js
@@ -199,6 +199,41 @@ describe('Memory connector', function () {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should support neq operator for number', function (done) {
+      User.find({where: {order: {neq: 6}}}, function (err, users) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        users.length.should.be.equal(5);
+        for (var i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
+          users[i].order.should.not.be.equal(6);
+        }
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should support neq operator for string', function (done) {
+      User.find({where: {role: {neq: 'lead'}}}, function (err, users) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        users.length.should.be.equal(4);
+        for (var i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
+          if (users[i].role) {
+            users[i].role.not.be.equal('lead');
+          }
+        }
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should support neq operator for null', function (done) {
+      User.find({where: {role: {neq: null}}}, function (err, users) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        users.length.should.be.equal(2);
+        for (var i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
+          should.exist(users[i].role);
+        }
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
     function seed(done) {
       var beatles = [
         {
diff --git a/test/model-definition.test.js b/test/model-definition.test.js
index 080685e4..e7f22ff1 100644
--- a/test/model-definition.test.js
+++ b/test/model-definition.test.js
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ describe('ModelDefinition class', function () {
     });
 
     User.build();
+    
+    var json = User.toJSON();
 
     User.defineProperty("id", {type: "number", id: true});
     assert.equal(User.properties.name.type, String);
@@ -62,8 +64,12 @@ describe('ModelDefinition class', function () {
     assert.equal(User.properties.approved.type, Boolean);
     assert.equal(User.properties.joinedAt.type, Date);
     assert.equal(User.properties.age.type, Number);
-
+    
     assert.equal(User.properties.id.type, Number);
+    
+    json = User.toJSON();
+    assert.deepEqual(json.properties.id, {type: 'Number', id: true});
+    
     done();
 
   });
diff --git a/test/relations.test.js b/test/relations.test.js
index ef212363..b99f31ba 100644
--- a/test/relations.test.js
+++ b/test/relations.test.js
@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 // This test written in mocha+should.js
 var should = require('./init.js');
+var jdb = require('../');
+var DataSource = jdb.DataSource;
 
-var db, Book, Chapter, Author, Reader;
+var db, tmp, Book, Chapter, Author, Reader;
 var Category, Job;
 var Picture, PictureLink;
 var Person, Address;
 var Link;
 
+var getTransientDataSource = function(settings) {
+    return new DataSource('transient', settings, db.modelBuilder);
+};
+
 describe('relations', function () {
 
   describe('hasMany', function () {
@@ -433,6 +439,24 @@ describe('relations', function () {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should allow to add connection with through data', function (done) {
+      Physician.create({name: 'ph1'}, function (e, physician) {
+        Patient.create({name: 'pa1'}, function (e, patient) {
+          var now = Date.now();
+          physician.patients.add(patient, { date: new Date(now) }, function (e, app) {
+            should.not.exist(e);
+            should.exist(app);
+            app.should.be.an.instanceOf(Appointment);
+            app.physicianId.should.equal(physician.id);
+            app.patientId.should.equal(patient.id);
+            app.patientId.should.equal(patient.id);
+            app.date.getTime().should.equal(now);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should allow to remove connection with instance', function (done) {
       var id;
       Physician.create(function (err, physician) {
@@ -462,7 +486,159 @@ describe('relations', function () {
     });
 
   });
-  
+
+  describe('hasMany through - collect', function () {
+    var Physician, Patient, Appointment, Address;
+
+    beforeEach(function (done) {
+      db = getSchema();
+      Physician = db.define('Physician', {name: String});
+      Patient = db.define('Patient', {name: String});
+      Appointment = db.define('Appointment', {date: {type: Date,
+        default: function () {
+          return new Date();
+        }}});
+      Address = db.define('Address', {name: String});
+
+      db.automigrate(['Physician', 'Patient', 'Appointment', 'Address'], function (err) {
+        done(err);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with default options', function () {
+      it('can determine the collect by modelTo\'s name as default', function () {
+        Physician.hasMany(Patient, {through: Appointment});
+        Patient.hasMany(Physician, {through: Appointment, as: 'yyy'});
+        Patient.belongsTo(Address);
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Physician);
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Patient);
+        var physician = new Physician({id: 1});
+        var scope1 = physician.patients._scope;
+        scope1.should.have.property('collect', 'patient');
+        scope1.should.have.property('include', 'patient');
+        var patient = new Patient({id: 1});
+        var scope2 = patient.yyy._scope;
+        scope2.should.have.property('collect', 'physician');
+        scope2.should.have.property('include', 'physician');
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('when custom reverse belongsTo names for both sides', function () {
+      it('can determine the collect via keyThrough', function () {
+        Physician.hasMany(Patient, {through: Appointment, foreignKey: 'fooId', keyThrough: 'barId'});
+        Patient.hasMany(Physician, {through: Appointment, foreignKey: 'barId', keyThrough: 'fooId', as: 'yyy'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Physician, {as: 'foo'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Patient, {as: 'bar'});
+        Patient.belongsTo(Address); // jam.
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Patient, {as: 'car'}); // jam. Should we complain in this case???
+
+        var physician = new Physician({id: 1});
+        var scope1 = physician.patients._scope;
+        scope1.should.have.property('collect', 'bar');
+        scope1.should.have.property('include', 'bar');
+        var patient = new Patient({id: 1});
+        var scope2 = patient.yyy._scope;
+        scope2.should.have.property('collect', 'foo');
+        scope2.should.have.property('include', 'foo');
+      });
+
+      it('can determine the collect via modelTo name', function () {
+        Physician.hasMany(Patient, {through: Appointment});
+        Patient.hasMany(Physician, {through: Appointment, as: 'yyy'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Physician, {as: 'foo', foreignKey: 'physicianId'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Patient, {as: 'bar', foreignKey: 'patientId'});
+        Patient.belongsTo(Address); // jam.
+
+        var physician = new Physician({id: 1});
+        var scope1 = physician.patients._scope;
+        scope1.should.have.property('collect', 'bar');
+        scope1.should.have.property('include', 'bar');
+        var patient = new Patient({id: 1});
+        var scope2 = patient.yyy._scope;
+        scope2.should.have.property('collect', 'foo');
+        scope2.should.have.property('include', 'foo');
+      });
+
+      it('can determine the collect via modelTo name (with jams)', function () {
+        Physician.hasMany(Patient, {through: Appointment});
+        Patient.hasMany(Physician, {through: Appointment, as: 'yyy'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Physician, {as: 'foo', foreignKey: 'physicianId'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Patient, {as: 'bar', foreignKey: 'patientId'});
+        Patient.belongsTo(Address); // jam.
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Physician, {as: 'goo', foreignKey: 'physicianId'}); // jam. Should we complain in this case???
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Patient, {as: 'car', foreignKey: 'patientId'}); // jam. Should we complain in this case???
+
+        var physician = new Physician({id: 1});
+        var scope1 = physician.patients._scope;
+        scope1.should.have.property('collect', 'bar');
+        scope1.should.have.property('include', 'bar');
+        var patient = new Patient({id: 1});
+        var scope2 = patient.yyy._scope;
+        scope2.should.have.property('collect', 'foo'); // first matched relation
+        scope2.should.have.property('include', 'foo'); // first matched relation
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('when custom reverse belongsTo name for one side only', function () {
+
+      beforeEach(function () {
+        Physician.hasMany(Patient, {as: 'xxx', through: Appointment, foreignKey: 'fooId'});
+        Patient.hasMany(Physician, {as: 'yyy', through: Appointment, keyThrough: 'fooId'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Physician, {as: 'foo'});
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Patient);
+        Patient.belongsTo(Address); // jam.
+        Appointment.belongsTo(Physician, {as: 'bar'}); // jam. Should we complain in this case???
+      });
+
+      it('can determine the collect via model name', function () {
+        var physician = new Physician({id: 1});
+        var scope1 = physician.xxx._scope;
+        scope1.should.have.property('collect', 'patient');
+        scope1.should.have.property('include', 'patient');
+      });
+
+      it('can determine the collect via keyThrough', function () {
+        var patient = new Patient({id: 1});
+        var scope2 = patient.yyy._scope;
+        scope2.should.have.property('collect', 'foo');
+        scope2.should.have.property('include', 'foo');
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('hasMany through - between same model', function () {
+    var User, Follow, Address;
+
+    before(function (done) {
+      db = getSchema();
+      User = db.define('User', {name: String});
+      Follow = db.define('Follow', {date: {type: Date,
+        default: function () {
+          return new Date();
+        }}});
+      Address = db.define('Address', {name: String});
+
+      User.hasMany(User, {as: 'followers', foreignKey: 'followeeId', keyThrough: 'followerId', through: Follow});
+      User.hasMany(User, {as: 'following', foreignKey: 'followerId', keyThrough: 'followeeId', through: Follow});
+      User.belongsTo(Address);
+      Follow.belongsTo(User, {as: 'follower'});
+      Follow.belongsTo(User, {as: 'followee'});
+      db.automigrate(['User', 'Follow', 'Address'], function (err) {
+        done(err);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('can determine the collect via keyThrough for each side', function () {
+      var user = new User({id: 1});
+      var scope1 = user.followers._scope;
+      scope1.should.have.property('collect', 'follower');
+      scope1.should.have.property('include', 'follower');
+      var scope2 = user.following._scope;
+      scope2.should.have.property('collect', 'followee');
+      scope2.should.have.property('include', 'followee');
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('hasMany with properties', function () {
     it('can be declared with properties', function (done) {
       Book.hasMany(Chapter, { properties: { type: 'bookType' } });
@@ -915,6 +1091,29 @@ describe('relations', function () {
       db.automigrate(done);
     });
 
+    it('can determine the collect via modelTo name', function () {
+      Author.hasAndBelongsToMany(Picture, { through: PictureLink, polymorphic: 'imageable' });
+      Reader.hasAndBelongsToMany(Picture, { through: PictureLink, polymorphic: 'imageable' });
+      // Optionally, define inverse relations:
+      Picture.hasMany(Author, { through: PictureLink, polymorphic: 'imageable', invert: true });
+      Picture.hasMany(Reader, { through: PictureLink, polymorphic: 'imageable', invert: true });
+      var author = new Author({id: 1});
+      var scope1 = author.pictures._scope;
+      scope1.should.have.property('collect', 'picture');
+      scope1.should.have.property('include', 'picture');
+      var reader = new Reader({id: 1});
+      var scope2 = reader.pictures._scope;
+      scope2.should.have.property('collect', 'picture');
+      scope2.should.have.property('include', 'picture');
+      var picture = new Picture({id: 1});
+      var scope3 = picture.authors._scope;
+      scope3.should.have.property('collect', 'imageable');
+      scope3.should.have.property('include', 'imageable');
+      var scope4 = picture.readers._scope;
+      scope4.should.have.property('collect', 'imageable');
+      scope4.should.have.property('include', 'imageable');
+    });
+
     var author, reader, pictures = [];
     it('should create polymorphic relation - author', function (done) {
       Author.create({ name: 'Author 1' }, function (err, a) {
@@ -1486,9 +1685,10 @@ describe('relations', function () {
     var Other;
     
     before(function () {
+      tmp = getTransientDataSource();
       db = getSchema();
       Person = db.define('Person', {name: String});
-      Passport = db.define('Passport', 
+      Passport = tmp.define('Passport',
         {name:{type:'string', required: true}}, 
         {idInjection: false}
       );
@@ -1634,9 +1834,10 @@ describe('relations', function () {
     var address1, address2;
     
     before(function (done) {
+      tmp = getTransientDataSource({defaultIdType: Number});
       db = getSchema();
       Person = db.define('Person', {name: String});
-      Address = db.define('Address', {street: String});
+      Address = tmp.define('Address', {street: String});
       Address.validatesPresenceOf('street');
 
       db.automigrate(function () {
@@ -1813,9 +2014,10 @@ describe('relations', function () {
   
   describe('embedsMany - explicit ids', function () {
     before(function (done) {
+      tmp = getTransientDataSource();
       db = getSchema();
       Person = db.define('Person', {name: String});
-      Address = db.define('Address', {id: { type: String, id: true }, street: String});
+      Address = tmp.define('Address', {street: String});
       Address.validatesPresenceOf('street');
 
       db.automigrate(function () {
@@ -1824,13 +2026,13 @@ describe('relations', function () {
     });
 
     it('can be declared', function (done) {
-      Person.embedsMany(Address, { options: { autoId: false } });
+      Person.embedsMany(Address);
       db.automigrate(done);
     });
     
     it('should create embedded items on scope', function(done) {
       Person.create({ name: 'Fred' }, function(err, p) {
-        p.addressList.create({ id: 'home', street: 'Street 1' }, function(err, addresses) {
+        p.addressList.create({ id: 'home', street: 'Street 1' }, function(err, address) {
           should.not.exist(err);
           p.addressList.create({ id: 'work', street: 'Work Street 2' }, function(err, address) {
             should.not.exist(err);
@@ -1968,6 +2170,17 @@ describe('relations', function () {
       });
     });
     
+    it('should create embedded items with auto-generated id', function(done) {
+      Person.create({ name: 'Wilma' }, function(err, p) {
+        p.addressList.create({ street: 'Home Street 1' }, function(err, address) {
+          should.not.exist(err);
+          address.id.should.match(/^[0-9a-fA-F]{24}$/);
+          address.street.should.equal('Home Street 1');
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    
   });
   
   describe('embedsMany - relations, scope and properties', function () {
@@ -2208,11 +2421,16 @@ describe('relations', function () {
     
     before(function (done) {
       db = getSchema();
+      tmp = getTransientDataSource();
+      
       Book = db.define('Book', {name: String});
       Author = db.define('Author', {name: String});
       Reader = db.define('Reader', {name: String});
       
-      Link = db.define('Link', {name: String, notes: String}); // generic model
+      Link = tmp.define('Link', {
+        id: {type: Number, id: true},
+        name: String, notes: String
+      }); // generic model
       Link.validatesPresenceOf('linkedId');
       Link.validatesPresenceOf('linkedType');
 
@@ -2226,13 +2444,15 @@ describe('relations', function () {
     });
 
     it('can be declared', function (done) {
+      var idType = db.connector.getDefaultIdType();
+      
       Book.embedsMany(Link, { as: 'people',
         polymorphic: 'linked',
         scope: { include: 'linked' }
       });      
       Link.belongsTo('linked', {
-        polymorphic: true, // needs unique auto-id
-        properties: { name: 'name' }, // denormalized
+        polymorphic: { idType: idType },  // native type
+        properties: { name: 'name' },     // denormalized
         options: { invertProperties: true }
       });
       db.automigrate(done);
@@ -2411,7 +2631,7 @@ describe('relations', function () {
           err.name.should.equal('ValidationError');
           err.details.codes.jobs.should.eql(['uniqueness']);
           var expected = 'The `Category` instance is not valid. ';
-          expected += 'Details: `jobs` Contains duplicate `Job` instance.';
+          expected += 'Details: `jobs` contains duplicate `Job` instance.';
           err.message.should.equal(expected);
           done();
         });
diff --git a/test/scope.test.js b/test/scope.test.js
index cb464ce4..b708870d 100644
--- a/test/scope.test.js
+++ b/test/scope.test.js
@@ -229,3 +229,90 @@ describe('scope - filtered count and destroyAll', function () {
   });
   
 });
+
+describe('scope - dynamic target class', function () {
+  
+  var Collection, Media, Image, Video;
+  
+  
+  before(function () {
+    db = getSchema();
+    Image = db.define('Image', {name: String});
+    Video = db.define('Video', {name: String});
+    
+    Collection = db.define('Collection', {name: String, modelName: String});
+    Collection.scope('items', function() {
+      return {}; // could return a scope based on `this` (receiver)
+    }, null, {}, { isStatic: false, modelTo: function(receiver) {
+      return db.models[receiver.modelName];
+    } });
+  });
+  
+  beforeEach(function (done) {
+    Collection.destroyAll(function() {
+      Image.destroyAll(function() {
+        Video.destroyAll(done);
+      })
+    });
+  });
+  
+  beforeEach(function (done) {
+    Collection.create({ name: 'Images', modelName: 'Image' }, done);
+  });
+  
+  beforeEach(function (done) {
+    Collection.create({ name: 'Videos', modelName: 'Video' }, done);
+  });
+  
+  beforeEach(function (done) {
+    Collection.create({ name: 'Things', modelName: 'Unknown' }, done);
+  });
+  
+  beforeEach(function (done) {
+    Image.create({ name: 'Image A' }, done);
+  });
+  
+  beforeEach(function (done) {
+    Video.create({ name: 'Video A' }, done);
+  });
+  
+  it('should deduce modelTo at runtime - Image', function(done) {
+    Collection.findOne({ where: { modelName: 'Image' } }, function(err, coll) {
+      should.not.exist(err);
+      coll.name.should.equal('Images');
+      coll.items(function(err, items) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        items.length.should.equal(1);
+        items[0].name.should.equal('Image A');
+        items[0].should.be.instanceof(Image);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should deduce modelTo at runtime - Video', function(done) {
+    Collection.findOne({ where: { modelName: 'Video' } }, function(err, coll) {
+      should.not.exist(err);
+      coll.name.should.equal('Videos');
+      coll.items(function(err, items) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        items.length.should.equal(1);
+        items[0].name.should.equal('Video A');
+        items[0].should.be.instanceof(Video);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  
+  it('should throw if modelTo is invalid', function(done) {
+    Collection.findOne({ where: { name: 'Things' } }, function(err, coll) {
+      should.not.exist(err);
+      coll.modelName.should.equal('Unknown');
+      (function () {
+        coll.items(function(err, items) {});
+      }).should.throw();
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+  
+});
diff --git a/test/transient.test.js b/test/transient.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3a03f96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/transient.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+var jdb = require('../');
+var DataSource = jdb.DataSource;
+var assert = require('assert');
+var async = require('async');
+var should = require('./init.js');
+
+var db, TransientModel, Person, Widget, Item;
+
+var getTransientDataSource = function(settings) {
+    return new DataSource('transient', settings);
+};
+
+describe('Transient connector', function () {
+  
+  before(function () {
+    db = getTransientDataSource();
+    TransientModel = db.define('TransientModel', {}, { idInjection: false });
+    
+    Person = TransientModel.extend('Person', {name: String});
+    Person.attachTo(db);
+    
+    Widget = db.define('Widget', {name: String});
+    Item = db.define('Item', {
+      id: {type: Number, id: true}, name: String
+    });
+  });
+  
+  it('should respect idInjection being false', function(done) {
+    should.not.exist(Person.definition.properties.id);
+    should.exist(Person.definition.properties.name);
+    
+    Person.create({ name: 'Wilma' }, function(err, inst) {
+      should.not.exist(err);
+      inst.toObject().should.eql({ name: 'Wilma' });
+      
+      Person.count(function(err, count) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        count.should.equal(0);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  
+  it('should generate a random string id', function(done) {
+    should.exist(Widget.definition.properties.id);
+    should.exist(Widget.definition.properties.name);
+    
+    Widget.definition.properties.id.type.should.equal(String);
+    
+    Widget.create({ name: 'Thing' }, function(err, inst) {
+      should.not.exist(err);
+      inst.id.should.match(/^[0-9a-fA-F]{24}$/);
+      inst.name.should.equal('Thing');
+      
+      Widget.findById(inst.id, function(err, widget) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        should.not.exist(widget);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  
+  it('should generate a random number id', function(done) {
+    should.exist(Item.definition.properties.id);
+    should.exist(Item.definition.properties.name);
+    
+    Item.definition.properties.id.type.should.equal(Number);
+    
+    Item.create({ name: 'Example' }, function(err, inst) {
+      should.not.exist(err);
+      inst.name.should.equal('Example');
+      
+      Item.count(function(err, count) {
+        should.not.exist(err);
+        count.should.equal(0);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+  
+});
diff --git a/test/validations.test.js b/test/validations.test.js
index 935a2669..97ee49fe 100644
--- a/test/validations.test.js
+++ b/test/validations.test.js
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ describe('validations', function () {
 
   beforeEach(function (done) {
     User.destroyAll(function () {
-      delete User._validations;
+      delete User.validations;
       done();
     });
   });
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ describe('validations', function () {
     describe('lifecycle', function () {
 
       it('should work on create', function (done) {
-        delete User._validations;
+        delete User.validations;
         User.validatesPresenceOf('name');
         User.create(function (e, u) {
           should.exist(e);
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ describe('validations', function () {
       });
 
       it('should work on update', function (done) {
-        delete User._validations;
+        delete User.validations;
         User.validatesPresenceOf('name');
         User.create({name: 'Valid'}, function (e, d) {
           d.updateAttribute('name', null, function (e) {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ describe('validations', function () {
       });
 
       it('should return error code', function (done) {
-        delete User._validations;
+        delete User.validations;
         User.validatesPresenceOf('name');
         User.create(function (e, u) {
           should.exist(e);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ describe('validations', function () {
       });
 
       it('should include validation messages in err.message', function(done) {
-        delete User._validations;
+        delete User.validations;
         User.validatesPresenceOf('name');
         User.create(function (e, u) {
           should.exist(e);
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ describe('validations', function () {
       });
 
       it('should include model name in err.message', function(done) {
-        delete User._validations;
+        delete User.validations;
         User.validatesPresenceOf('name');
         User.create(function (e, u) {
           should.exist(e);
@@ -130,6 +130,14 @@ describe('validations', function () {
           done();
         });
       });
+      
+      it('should return validation metadata', function() {
+        var expected = {name:[{validation: 'presence', options: {}}]};
+        delete User.validations;
+        User.validatesPresenceOf('name');
+        var validations = User.validations;
+        validations.should.eql(expected);
+      });
     });
   });