var async = require('async');
var utils = require('./utils');
var List = require('./list');
var isPlainObject = utils.isPlainObject;
var defineCachedRelations = utils.defineCachedRelations;
var uniq = utils.uniq;

/*!
 * Normalize the include to be an array
 * @param include
 * @returns {*}
 */
function normalizeInclude(include) {
  var newInclude;
  if (typeof include === 'string') {
    return [include];
  } else if (isPlainObject(include)) {
    // Build an array of key/value pairs
    newInclude = [];
    var rel = include.rel || include.relation;
    var obj = {};
    if (typeof rel === 'string') {
      obj[rel] = new IncludeScope(include.scope);
      newInclude.push(obj);
    } else {
      for (var key in include) {
        obj[key] = include[key];
        newInclude.push(obj);
      }
    }
    return newInclude;
  } else if (Array.isArray(include)) {
    newInclude = [];
    for (var i = 0, n = include.length; i < n; i++) {
      var subIncludes = normalizeInclude(include[i]);
      newInclude = newInclude.concat(subIncludes);
    }
    return newInclude;
  } else {
    return include;
  }
}

function IncludeScope(scope) {
  this._scope = utils.deepMerge({}, scope || {});
  if (this._scope.include) {
    this._include = normalizeInclude(this._scope.include);
    delete this._scope.include;
  } else {
    this._include = null;
  }
};

IncludeScope.prototype.conditions = function() {
  return utils.deepMerge({}, this._scope);
};

IncludeScope.prototype.include = function() {
  return this._include;
};

/**
 * Find the idKey of a Model.
 * @param {ModelConstructor} m - Model Constructor
 * @returns {String}
 */
function idName(m) {
  return m.definition.idName() || 'id';
}

/*!
 * Look up a model by name from the list of given models
 * @param {Object} models Models keyed by name
 * @param {String} modelName The model name
 * @returns {*} The matching model class
 */
function lookupModel(models, modelName) {
  if (models[modelName]) {
    return models[modelName];
  }
  var lookupClassName = modelName.toLowerCase();
  for (var name in models) {
    if (name.toLowerCase() === lookupClassName) {
      return models[name];
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Utility Function to allow interleave before and after high computation tasks
 * @param tasks
 * @param callback
 */
function execTasksWithInterLeave(tasks, callback) {
  //let's give others some time to process.
  //Context Switch BEFORE Heavy Computation
  process.nextTick(function () {
    //Heavy Computation
    async.parallel(tasks, function (err, info) {
      //Context Switch AFTER Heavy Computation
      process.nextTick(function () {
        callback(err, info);
      });
    });
  });
}

/*!
 * Include mixin for ./model.js
 */
module.exports = Inclusion;

/**
 * Inclusion - Model mixin.
 *
 * @class
 */

function Inclusion() {
}

/**
 * Normalize includes - used in DataAccessObject
 *
 */

Inclusion.normalizeInclude = normalizeInclude;

/**
 * Enables you to load relations of several objects and optimize numbers of requests.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 * Load all users' posts with only one additional request:
 * `User.include(users, 'posts', function() {});`
 * Or
 * `User.include(users, ['posts'], function() {});`
 *
 * Load all users posts and passports with two additional requests:
 * `User.include(users, ['posts', 'passports'], function() {});`
 *
 * Load all passports owner (users), and all posts of each owner loaded:
 *```Passport.include(passports, {owner: 'posts'}, function() {});
 *``` Passport.include(passports, {owner: ['posts', 'passports']});
 *``` Passport.include(passports, {owner: [{posts: 'images'}, 'passports']});
 *
 * @param {Array} objects Array of instances
 * @param {String|Object|Array} include Which relations to load.
 * @param {Object} [options] Options for CRUD
 * @param {Function} cb Callback called when relations are loaded
 *
 */
Inclusion.include = function (objects, include, options, cb) {
  if (typeof options === 'function' && cb === undefined) {
    cb = options;
    options = {};
  }
  var self = this;

  if (!include || (Array.isArray(include) && include.length === 0) ||
      (isPlainObject(include) && Object.keys(include).length === 0)) {
    // The objects are empty
    return process.nextTick(function() {
      cb && cb(null, objects);
    });
  }

  include = normalizeInclude(include);

  async.each(include, function(item, callback) {
    processIncludeItem(objects, item, options, callback);
  }, function(err) {
    cb && cb(err, objects);
  });

  function processIncludeItem(objs, include, options, cb) {
    var relations = self.relations;

    var relationName;
    var subInclude = null, scope = null;

    if (isPlainObject(include)) {
      relationName = Object.keys(include)[0];
      if (include[relationName] instanceof IncludeScope) {
        scope = include[relationName];
        subInclude = scope.include();
      } else {
        subInclude = include[relationName];
        //when include = {user:true}, it does not have subInclude
        if (subInclude === true) {
          subInclude = null;
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      relationName = include;
      subInclude = null;
    }

    var relation = relations[relationName];
    if (!relation) {
      cb(new Error('Relation "' + relationName + '" is not defined for '
        + self.modelName + ' model'));
      return;
    }
    var polymorphic = relation.polymorphic;
    //if (polymorphic && !polymorphic.discriminator) {
    //  cb(new Error('Relation "' + relationName + '" is polymorphic but ' +
    //    'discriminator is not present'));
    //  return;
    //}
    if (!relation.modelTo) {
      if (!relation.polymorphic) {
        cb(new Error('Relation.modelTo is not defined for relation' +
          relationName + ' and is no polymorphic'));
        return;
      }
    }

    // Just skip if inclusion is disabled
    if (relation.options.disableInclude) {
      return cb();
    }
    //prepare filter and fields for making DB Call
    var filter = (scope && scope.conditions()) || {};
    if ((relation.multiple || relation.type === 'belongsTo') && scope) {
      var includeScope = {};
      // make sure not to miss any fields for sub includes
      if (filter.fields && Array.isArray(subInclude) &&
        relation.modelTo.relations) {
        includeScope.fields = [];
        subInclude.forEach(function (name) {
          var rel = relation.modelTo.relations[name];
          if (rel && rel.type === 'belongsTo') {
            includeScope.fields.push(rel.keyFrom);
          }
        });
      }
      utils.mergeQuery(filter, includeScope, {fields: false});
    }
    //Let's add a placeholder where query
    filter.where = filter.where || {};
    //if fields are specified, make sure target foreign key is present
    var fields = filter.fields;
    if (Array.isArray(fields) && fields.indexOf(relation.keyTo) === -1) {
      fields.push(relation.keyTo);
    }
    else if (isPlainObject(fields) && !fields[relation.keyTo]) {
      fields[relation.keyTo] = true;
    }

    /**
     * call relation specific include functions
     */
    if (relation.multiple) {
      if (relation.modelThrough) {
        //hasManyThrough needs separate handling
        return includeHasManyThrough(cb);
      }
      //This will also include embedsMany with belongsTo.
      //Might need to optimize db calls for this.
      if (relation.type === 'embedsMany') {
        //embedded docs are part of the objects, no need to make db call.
        //proceed as implemented earlier.
        return includeEmbeds(cb);
      }
      if (relation.type === 'referencesMany') {
        return includeReferencesMany(cb);
      }
      //assuming all other relations with multiple=true as hasMany
      return includeHasMany(cb);
    }
    else {
      if (polymorphic) {
        if (relation.type === 'hasOne') {
          return includePolymorphicHasOne(cb);
        }
        return includePolymorphicBelongsTo(cb);
      }
      if (relation.type === 'embedsOne') {
        return includeEmbeds(cb);
      }
      //hasOne or belongsTo
      return includeOneToOne(cb);
    }

    /**
     * Handle inclusion of HasManyThrough/HasAndBelongsToMany/Polymorphic
     * HasManyThrough relations
     * @param callback
     */
    function includeHasManyThrough(callback) {
      var sourceIds = [];
      //Map for Indexing objects by their id for faster retrieval
      var objIdMap = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
        var obj = objs[i];
        // one-to-many: foreign key reference is modelTo -> modelFrom.
        // use modelFrom.keyFrom in where filter later
        var sourceId = obj[relation.keyFrom];
        if (sourceId) {
          sourceIds.push(sourceId);
          objIdMap[sourceId.toString()] = obj;
        }
        // sourceId can be null. but cache empty data as result
        defineCachedRelations(obj);
        obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = [];
      }
      //default filters are not applicable on through model. should be applied
      //on modelTo later in 2nd DB call.
      var throughFilter = {
        where: {}
      };
      throughFilter.where[relation.keyTo] = {
        inq: uniq(sourceIds)
      };
      if (polymorphic) {
        //handle polymorphic hasMany (reverse) in which case we need to filter
        //by discriminator to filter other types
        throughFilter.where[polymorphic.discriminator] =
          relation.modelFrom.definition.name;
      }
      /**
       * 1st DB Call of 2 step process. Get through model objects first
       */
      relation.modelThrough.find(throughFilter, options, throughFetchHandler);
      /**
       * Handle the results of Through model objects and fetch the modelTo items
       * @param err
       * @param {Array<Model>} throughObjs
       * @returns {*}
       */
      function throughFetchHandler(err, throughObjs) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        // start preparing for 2nd DB call.
        var targetIds = [];
        var targetObjsMap = {};
        for (var i = 0; i < throughObjs.length; i++) {
          var throughObj = throughObjs[i];
          var targetId = throughObj[relation.keyThrough];
          if (targetId) {
            //save targetIds for 2nd DB Call
            targetIds.push(targetId);
            var sourceObj = objIdMap[throughObj[relation.keyTo]];
            var targetIdStr = targetId.toString();
            //Since targetId can be duplicates, multiple source objs are put
            //into buckets.
            var objList = targetObjsMap[targetIdStr] =
              targetObjsMap[targetIdStr] || [];
            objList.push(sourceObj);
          }
        }
        //Polymorphic relation does not have idKey of modelTo. Find it manually
        var modelToIdName = idName(relation.modelTo);
        filter.where[modelToIdName] = {
          inq: uniq(targetIds)
        };

        //make sure that the modelToIdName is included if fields are specified
        if (Array.isArray(fields) && fields.indexOf(modelToIdName) === -1) {
          fields.push(modelToIdName);
        }
        else if (isPlainObject(fields) && !fields[modelToIdName]) {
          fields[modelToIdName] = true;
        }

        /**
         * 2nd DB Call of 2 step process. Get modelTo (target) objects
         */
        relation.modelTo.find(filter, options, targetsFetchHandler);
        function targetsFetchHandler(err, targets) {
          if (err) {
            return callback(err);
          }
          var tasks = [];
          //simultaneously process subIncludes. Call it first as it is an async
          //process.
          if (subInclude && targets) {
            tasks.push(function subIncludesTask(next) {
              relation.modelTo.include(targets, subInclude, options, next);
            });
          }
          //process & link each target with object
          tasks.push(targetLinkingTask);
          function targetLinkingTask(next) {
            async.each(targets, linkManyToMany, next);
            function linkManyToMany(target, next) {
              var targetId = target[modelToIdName];
              var objList = targetObjsMap[targetId.toString()];
              async.each(objList, function (obj, next) {
                if (!obj) return next();
                obj.__cachedRelations[relationName].push(target);
                processTargetObj(obj, next);
              }, next);
            }
          }

          execTasksWithInterLeave(tasks, callback);
        }
      }
    }

    /**
     * Handle inclusion of ReferencesMany relation
     * @param callback
     */
    function includeReferencesMany(callback) {
      var modelToIdName = idName(relation.modelTo);
      var allTargetIds = [];
      //Map for Indexing objects by their id for faster retrieval
      var targetObjsMap = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
        var obj = objs[i];
        // one-to-many: foreign key reference is modelTo -> modelFrom.
        // use modelFrom.keyFrom in where filter later
        var targetIds = obj[relation.keyFrom];
        if (targetIds) {
          if (typeof targetIds === 'string') {
            // For relational DBs, the array is stored as stringified json
            // Please note obj is a plain object at this point
            targetIds = JSON.parse(targetIds);
          }
          //referencesMany has multiple targetIds per obj. We need to concat
          // them into allTargetIds before DB Call
          allTargetIds = allTargetIds.concat(targetIds);
          for (var j = 0; j < targetIds.length; j++) {
            var targetId = targetIds[j];
            var targetIdStr = targetId.toString();
            var objList = targetObjsMap[targetIdStr] =
              targetObjsMap[targetIdStr] || [];
            objList.push(obj);
          }
        }
        // sourceId can be null. but cache empty data as result
        defineCachedRelations(obj);
        obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = [];
      }
      filter.where[relation.keyTo] = {
        inq: uniq(allTargetIds)
      };
      relation.applyScope(null, filter);
      /**
       * Make the DB Call, fetch all target objects
       */
      relation.modelTo.find(filter, options, targetFetchHandler);
      /**
       * Handle the fetched target objects
       * @param err
       * @param {Array<Model>}targets
       * @returns {*}
       */
      function targetFetchHandler(err, targets) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        var tasks = [];
        //simultaneously process subIncludes
        if (subInclude && targets) {
          tasks.push(function subIncludesTask(next) {
            relation.modelTo.include(targets, subInclude, options, next);
          });
        }
        targets = utils.sortObjectsByIds(modelToIdName, allTargetIds, targets);
        //process each target object
        tasks.push(targetLinkingTask);
        function targetLinkingTask(next) {
          async.each(targets, linkManyToMany, next);
          function linkManyToMany(target, next) {
            var objList = targetObjsMap[target[relation.keyTo].toString()];
            async.each(objList, function (obj, next) {
              if (!obj) return next();
              obj.__cachedRelations[relationName].push(target);
              processTargetObj(obj, next);
            }, next);

          }
        }

        execTasksWithInterLeave(tasks, callback);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Handle inclusion of HasMany relation
     * @param callback
     */
    function includeHasMany(callback) {
      var sourceIds = [];
      //Map for Indexing objects by their id for faster retrieval
      var objIdMap = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
        var obj = objs[i];
        // one-to-many: foreign key reference is modelTo -> modelFrom.
        // use modelFrom.keyFrom in where filter later
        var sourceId = obj[relation.keyFrom];
        if (sourceId) {
          sourceIds.push(sourceId);
          objIdMap[sourceId.toString()] = obj;
        }
        // sourceId can be null. but cache empty data as result
        defineCachedRelations(obj);
        obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = [];
      }
      filter.where[relation.keyTo] = {
        inq: uniq(sourceIds)
      };
      relation.applyScope(null, filter);
      relation.modelTo.find(filter, options, targetFetchHandler);
      /**
       * Process fetched related objects
       * @param err
       * @param {Array<Model>} targets
       * @returns {*}
       */
      function targetFetchHandler(err, targets) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        var tasks = [];
        //simultaneously process subIncludes
        if (subInclude && targets) {
          tasks.push(function subIncludesTask(next) {
            relation.modelTo.include(targets, subInclude, options, next);
          });
        }
        //process each target object
        tasks.push(targetLinkingTask);
        function targetLinkingTask(next) {
          if (targets.length === 0) {
            return async.each(objs, function(obj, next) {
              processTargetObj(obj, next);
            }, next);
          }

          async.each(targets, linkManyToOne, next);
          function linkManyToOne(target, next) {
            //fix for bug in hasMany with referencesMany
            var targetIds = [].concat(target[relation.keyTo]);
            async.each(targetIds, function (targetId, next) {
              var obj = objIdMap[targetId.toString()];
              if (!obj) return next();
              obj.__cachedRelations[relationName].push(target);
              processTargetObj(obj, next);
            }, function(err, processedTargets) {
              if (err) {
                return next(err);
              }

              var objsWithEmptyRelation = objs.filter(function(obj) {
                return obj.__cachedRelations[relationName].length === 0;
              });
              async.each(objsWithEmptyRelation, function(obj, next) {
                processTargetObj(obj, next);
              }, function(err) {
                next(err, processedTargets);
              });
            });
          }
        }

        execTasksWithInterLeave(tasks, callback);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Handle Inclusion of Polymorphic BelongsTo relation
     * @param callback
     */
    function includePolymorphicBelongsTo(callback) {
      var targetIdsByType = {};
      //Map for Indexing objects by their type and targetId for faster retrieval
      var targetObjMapByType = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
        var obj = objs[i];
        var discriminator = polymorphic.discriminator;
        var modelType = obj[discriminator];
        if (modelType) {
          targetIdsByType[modelType] = targetIdsByType[modelType] || [];
          targetObjMapByType[modelType] = targetObjMapByType[modelType] || {};
          var targetIds = targetIdsByType[modelType];
          var targetObjsMap = targetObjMapByType[modelType];
          var targetId = obj[relation.keyFrom];
          if (targetId) {
            targetIds.push(targetId);
            var targetIdStr = targetId.toString();
            targetObjsMap[targetIdStr] = targetObjsMap[targetIdStr] || [];
            //Is belongsTo. Multiple objects can have the same
            //targetId and therefore map value is an array
            targetObjsMap[targetIdStr].push(obj);
          }
        }
        defineCachedRelations(obj);
        obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = null;
      }
      async.each(Object.keys(targetIdsByType), processPolymorphicType,
        callback);
      /**
       * Process Polymorphic objects of each type (modelType)
       * @param {String} modelType
       * @param callback
       */
      function processPolymorphicType(modelType, callback) {
        var typeFilter = {where: {}};
        utils.mergeQuery(typeFilter, filter);
        var targetIds = targetIdsByType[modelType];
        typeFilter.where[relation.keyTo] = {
          inq: uniq(targetIds)
        };
        var Model = lookupModel(relation.modelFrom.dataSource.modelBuilder.
          models, modelType);
        if (!Model) {
          callback(new Error('Discriminator type "' + modelType +
            ' specified but no model exists with such name'));
          return;
        }
        relation.applyScope(null, typeFilter);
        Model.find(typeFilter, options, targetFetchHandler);
        /**
         * Process fetched related objects
         * @param err
         * @param {Array<Model>} targets
         * @returns {*}
         */
        function targetFetchHandler(err, targets) {
          if (err) {
            return callback(err);
          }
          var tasks = [];

          //simultaneously process subIncludes
          if (subInclude && targets) {
            tasks.push(function subIncludesTask(next) {
              Model.include(targets, subInclude, options, next);
            });
          }
          //process each target object
          tasks.push(targetLinkingTask);
          function targetLinkingTask(next) {
            var targetObjsMap = targetObjMapByType[modelType];
            async.each(targets, linkOneToMany, next);
            function linkOneToMany(target, next) {
              var objList = targetObjsMap[target[relation.keyTo].toString()];
              async.each(objList, function (obj, next) {
                if (!obj) return next();
                obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = target;
                processTargetObj(obj, next);
              }, next);
            }
          }

          execTasksWithInterLeave(tasks, callback);
        }
      }
    }


    /**
     * Handle Inclusion of Polymorphic HasOne relation
     * @param callback
     */
    function includePolymorphicHasOne(callback) {
      var sourceIds = [];
      //Map for Indexing objects by their id for faster retrieval
      var objIdMap = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
        var obj = objs[i];
        // one-to-one: foreign key reference is modelTo -> modelFrom.
        // use modelFrom.keyFrom in where filter later
        var sourceId = obj[relation.keyFrom];
        if (sourceId) {
          sourceIds.push(sourceId);
          objIdMap[sourceId.toString()] = obj;
        }
        // sourceId can be null. but cache empty data as result
        defineCachedRelations(obj);
        obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = null;
      }
      filter.where[relation.keyTo] = {
        inq: uniq(sourceIds)
      };
      relation.applyScope(null, filter);
      relation.modelTo.find(filter, options, targetFetchHandler);
      /**
       * Process fetched related objects
       * @param err
       * @param {Array<Model>} targets
       * @returns {*}
       */
      function targetFetchHandler(err, targets) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        var tasks = [];
        //simultaneously process subIncludes
        if (subInclude && targets) {
          tasks.push(function subIncludesTask(next) {
            relation.modelTo.include(targets, subInclude, options, next);
          });
        }
        //process each target object
        tasks.push(targetLinkingTask);
        function targetLinkingTask(next) {
          async.each(targets, linkOneToOne, next);
          function linkOneToOne(target, next) {
            var sourceId = target[relation.keyTo];
            if (!sourceId) return next();
            var obj = objIdMap[sourceId.toString()];
            if (!obj) return next();
            obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = target;
            processTargetObj(obj, next);
          }
        }

        execTasksWithInterLeave(tasks, callback);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Handle Inclusion of BelongsTo/HasOne relation
     * @param callback
     */
    function includeOneToOne(callback) {
      var targetIds = [];
      var objTargetIdMap = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
        var obj = objs[i];
        if (relation.type === 'belongsTo') {
          if (obj[relation.keyFrom] === null ||
            obj[relation.keyFrom] === undefined) {
            defineCachedRelations(obj);
            obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = null;
            continue;
          }
        }
        var targetId = obj[relation.keyFrom];
        if (targetId) {
          targetIds.push(targetId);
          var targetIdStr = targetId.toString();
          objTargetIdMap[targetIdStr] = objTargetIdMap[targetIdStr] || [];
          objTargetIdMap[targetIdStr].push(obj);
        }
        defineCachedRelations(obj);
        obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = null;
      }
      filter.where[relation.keyTo] = {
        inq: uniq(targetIds)
      };
      relation.applyScope(null, filter);
      relation.modelTo.find(filter, options, targetFetchHandler);
      /**
       * Process fetched related objects
       * @param err
       * @param {Array<Model>} targets
       * @returns {*}
       */
      function targetFetchHandler(err, targets) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        var tasks = [];
        //simultaneously process subIncludes
        if (subInclude && targets) {
          tasks.push(function subIncludesTask(next) {
            relation.modelTo.include(targets, subInclude, options, next);
          });
        }
        //process each target object
        tasks.push(targetLinkingTask);
        function targetLinkingTask(next) {
          async.each(targets, linkOneToMany, next);
          function linkOneToMany(target, next) {
            var targetId = target[relation.keyTo];
            var objList = objTargetIdMap[targetId.toString()];
            async.each(objList, function (obj, next) {
              if (!obj) return next();
              obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = target;
              processTargetObj(obj, next);
            }, next);
          }
        }

        execTasksWithInterLeave(tasks, callback);
      }
    }


    /**
     * Handle Inclusion of EmbedsMany/EmbedsManyWithBelongsTo/EmbedsOne
     * Relations. Since Embedded docs are part of parents, no need to make
     * db calls. Let the related function be called for each object to fetch
     * the results from cache.
     *
     * TODO: Optimize EmbedsManyWithBelongsTo relation DB Calls
     * @param callback
     */
    function includeEmbeds(callback) {
      async.each(objs, function (obj, next) {
        processTargetObj(obj, next);
      }, callback);
    }

    /**
     * Process Each Model Object and make sure specified relations are included
     * @param {Model} obj - Single Mode object for which inclusion is needed
     * @param callback
     * @returns {*}
     */
    function processTargetObj(obj, callback) {
      var inst = (obj instanceof self) ? obj : new self(obj);
      // Calling the relation method on the instance
      if (relation.type === 'belongsTo') {
        // If the belongsTo relation doesn't have an owner
        if (obj[relation.keyFrom] === null || obj[relation.keyFrom] === undefined) {
          defineCachedRelations(obj);
          // Set to null if the owner doesn't exist
          obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = null;
          if (obj === inst) {
            obj.__data[relationName] = null;
          } else {
            obj[relationName] = null;
          }
          return callback();
        }
      }
      /**
       * Sets the related objects as a property of Parent Object
       * @param {Array<Model>|Model|null} result - Related Object/Objects
       * @param cb
       */
      function setIncludeData(result, cb) {
        if (obj === inst) {
          if (Array.isArray(result) && !(result instanceof List)) {
            result = new List(result, relation.modelTo);
          }
          obj.__data[relationName] = result;
          obj.setStrict(false);
        } else {
          obj[relationName] = result;
        }
        cb(null, result);
      }

      //obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] can be null if no data was returned
      if (obj.__cachedRelations &&
        obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] !== undefined) {
        return setIncludeData(obj.__cachedRelations[relationName],
          callback);
      }
      //If related objects are not cached by include Handlers, directly call
      //related accessor function even though it is not very efficient
      var related; // relation accessor function

      if ((relation.multiple || relation.type === 'belongsTo') && scope) {
        var includeScope = {};
        var filter = scope.conditions();

        // make sure not to miss any fields for sub includes
        if (filter.fields && Array.isArray(subInclude) && relation.modelTo.relations) {
          includeScope.fields = [];
          subInclude.forEach(function(name) {
            var rel = relation.modelTo.relations[name];
            if (rel && rel.type === 'belongsTo') {
              includeScope.fields.push(rel.keyFrom);
            }
          });
        }

        utils.mergeQuery(filter, includeScope, {fields: false});

        related = inst[relationName].bind(inst, filter);
      } else {
        related = inst[relationName].bind(inst, undefined);
      }

      related(options, function (err, result) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        } else {

          defineCachedRelations(obj);
          obj.__cachedRelations[relationName] = result;

          return setIncludeData(result, callback);
        }
      });
    }

  }
};