# TOC - [app](#app) - [app.model(Model)](#app-appmodelmodel) - [app.models()](#app-appmodels) - [DataSource](#datasource) - [dataSource.createModel(name, properties, settings)](#datasource-datasourcecreatemodelname-properties-settings) - [dataSource.operations()](#datasource-datasourceoperations) - [GeoPoint](#geopoint) - [geoPoint.distanceTo(geoPoint, options)](#geopoint-geopointdistancetogeopoint-options) - [GeoPoint.distanceBetween(a, b, options)](#geopoint-geopointdistancebetweena-b-options) - [GeoPoint()](#geopoint-geopoint) - [loopback](#loopback) - [loopback.createDataSource(options)](#loopback-loopbackcreatedatasourceoptions) - [loopback.remoteMethod(Model, fn, [options]);](#loopback-loopbackremotemethodmodel-fn-options) - [loopback.memory([name])](#loopback-loopbackmemoryname) - [Memory Connector](#memory-connector) - [Model](#model) - [Model.validatesPresenceOf(properties...)](#model-modelvalidatespresenceofproperties) - [Model.validatesLengthOf(property, options)](#model-modelvalidateslengthofproperty-options) - [Model.validatesInclusionOf(property, options)](#model-modelvalidatesinclusionofproperty-options) - [Model.validatesExclusionOf(property, options)](#model-modelvalidatesexclusionofproperty-options) - [Model.validatesNumericalityOf(property, options)](#model-modelvalidatesnumericalityofproperty-options) - [Model.validatesUniquenessOf(property, options)](#model-modelvalidatesuniquenessofproperty-options) - [myModel.isValid()](#model-mymodelisvalid) - [Model.attachTo(dataSource)](#model-modelattachtodatasource) - [Model.create([data], [callback])](#model-modelcreatedata-callback) - [model.save([options], [callback])](#model-modelsaveoptions-callback) - [model.updateAttributes(data, [callback])](#model-modelupdateattributesdata-callback) - [Model.upsert(data, callback)](#model-modelupsertdata-callback) - [model.destroy([callback])](#model-modeldestroycallback) - [Model.destroyAll(callback)](#model-modeldestroyallcallback) - [Model.findById(id, callback)](#model-modelfindbyidid-callback) - [Model.count([query], callback)](#model-modelcountquery-callback) - [Remote Methods](#model-remote-methods) - [Example Remote Method](#model-remote-methods-example-remote-method) - [Model.beforeRemote(name, fn)](#model-remote-methods-modelbeforeremotename-fn) - [Model.afterRemote(name, fn)](#model-remote-methods-modelafterremotename-fn) - [Remote Method invoking context](#model-remote-methods-remote-method-invoking-context) - [ctx.req](#model-remote-methods-remote-method-invoking-context-ctxreq) - [ctx.res](#model-remote-methods-remote-method-invoking-context-ctxres) - [Model.hasMany(Model)](#model-modelhasmanymodel) - [Model.properties](#model-modelproperties) - [Model.extend()](#model-modelextend) - [User](#user) - [User.create](#user-usercreate) - [User.login](#user-userlogin) - [User.logout](#user-userlogout) - [user.hasPassword(plain, fn)](#user-userhaspasswordplain-fn) - [Verification](#user-verification) - [user.verify(options, fn)](#user-verification-userverifyoptions-fn) - [User.confirm(options, fn)](#user-verification-userconfirmoptions-fn) # app ## app.model(Model) Expose a `Model` to remote clients.. ```js var memory = loopback.createDataSource({connector: loopback.Memory}); var Color = memory.createModel('color', {name: String}); app.model(Color); assert.equal(app.models().length, 1); ``` ## app.models() Get the app's exposed models.. ```js var Color = loopback.createModel('color', {name: String}); var models = app.models(); assert.equal(models.length, 1); assert.equal(models[0].modelName, 'color'); ``` # DataSource ## dataSource.createModel(name, properties, settings) Define a model and attach it to a `DataSource`.. ```js var Color = memory.createModel('color', {name: String}); assert.isFunc(Color, 'find'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'findById'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'findOne'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'create'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'updateOrCreate'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'upsert'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'findOrCreate'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'exists'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'destroyAll'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'count'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'include'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'relationNameFor'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'hasMany'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'belongsTo'); assert.isFunc(Color, 'hasAndBelongsToMany'); assert.isFunc(Color.prototype, 'save'); assert.isFunc(Color.prototype, 'isNewRecord'); assert.isFunc(Color.prototype, 'destroy'); assert.isFunc(Color.prototype, 'updateAttribute'); assert.isFunc(Color.prototype, 'updateAttributes'); assert.isFunc(Color.prototype, 'reload'); ``` ## dataSource.operations() List the enabled and disabled operations.. ```js // assert the defaults // - true: the method should be remote enabled // - false: the method should not be remote enabled // - existsAndShared('_forDB', false); existsAndShared('create', true); existsAndShared('updateOrCreate', false); existsAndShared('upsert', false); existsAndShared('findOrCreate', false); existsAndShared('exists', true); existsAndShared('find', true); existsAndShared('findOne', true); existsAndShared('destroyAll', false); existsAndShared('count', true); existsAndShared('include', false); existsAndShared('relationNameFor', false); existsAndShared('hasMany', false); existsAndShared('belongsTo', false); existsAndShared('hasAndBelongsToMany', false); existsAndShared('save', true); existsAndShared('isNewRecord', false); existsAndShared('_adapter', false); existsAndShared('destroy', true); existsAndShared('updateAttributes', true); existsAndShared('reload', true); function existsAndShared(name, isRemoteEnabled) { var op = memory.getOperation(name); assert(op.remoteEnabled === isRemoteEnabled, name + ' ' + (isRemoteEnabled ? 'should' : 'should not') + ' be remote enabled'); } ``` # GeoPoint ## geoPoint.distanceTo(geoPoint, options) Get the distance to another `GeoPoint`.. ```js var here = new GeoPoint({lat: 10, lng: 10}); var there = new GeoPoint({lat: 5, lng: 5}); assert.equal(here.distanceTo(there, {type: 'meters'}), 782777.923052584); ``` ## GeoPoint.distanceBetween(a, b, options) Get the distance between two points.. ```js var here = new GeoPoint({lat: 10, lng: 10}); var there = new GeoPoint({lat: 5, lng: 5}); assert.equal(GeoPoint.distanceBetween(here, there, {type: 'feet'}), 2568169.038886431); ``` ## GeoPoint() Create from string. ```js var point = new GeoPoint('1.234,5.678'); assert.equal(point.lng, 1.234); assert.equal(point.lat, 5.678); var point2 = new GeoPoint('1.222, 5.333'); assert.equal(point2.lng, 1.222); assert.equal(point2.lat, 5.333); var point3 = new GeoPoint('1.333, 5.111'); assert.equal(point3.lng, 1.333); assert.equal(point3.lat, 5.111); ``` Serialize as string. ```js var str = '1.234,5.678'; var point = new GeoPoint(str); assert.equal(point.toString(), str); ``` Create from array. ```js var point = new GeoPoint([5.555, 6.777]); assert.equal(point.lng, 5.555); assert.equal(point.lat, 6.777); ``` Create as Model property. ```js var Model = loopback.createModel('geo-model', { geo: {type: 'GeoPoint'} }); var m = new Model({ geo: '1.222,3.444' }); assert(m.geo instanceof GeoPoint); assert.equal(m.geo.lng, 1.222); assert.equal(m.geo.lat, 3.444); ``` # loopback ## loopback.createDataSource(options) Create a data source with a connector. ```js var dataSource = loopback.createDataSource({ connector: loopback.Memory }); assert(dataSource.connector()); ``` ## loopback.remoteMethod(Model, fn, [options]); Setup a remote method.. ```js var Product = loopback.createModel('product', {price: Number}); Product.stats = function(fn) { // ... } loopback.remoteMethod( Product.stats, { returns: {arg: 'stats', type: 'array'}, http: {path: '/info', verb: 'get'} } ); assert.equal(Product.stats.returns.arg, 'stats'); assert.equal(Product.stats.returns.type, 'array'); assert.equal(Product.stats.http.path, '/info'); assert.equal(Product.stats.http.verb, 'get'); assert.equal(Product.stats.shared, true); ``` ## loopback.memory([name]) Get an in-memory data source. Use one if it already exists. ```js var memory = loopback.memory(); assertValidDataSource(memory); var m1 = loopback.memory(); var m2 = loopback.memory('m2'); var alsoM2 = loopback.memory('m2'); assert(m1 === memory); assert(m1 !== m2); assert(alsoM2 === m2); ``` # Memory Connector Create a model using the memory connector. ```js // use the built in memory function // to create a memory data source var memory = loopback.memory(); // or create it using the standard // data source creation api var memory = loopback.createDataSource({ connector: loopback.Memory }); // create a model using the // memory data source var properties = { name: String, price: Number }; var Product = memory.createModel('product', properties); Product.create([ {name: 'apple', price: 0.79}, {name: 'pear', price: 1.29}, {name: 'orange', price: 0.59}, ], count); function count() { Product.count(function (err, count) { assert.equal(count, 3); done(); }); } ``` # Model ## Model.validatesPresenceOf(properties...) Require a model to include a property to be considered valid.. ```js User.validatesPresenceOf('first', 'last', 'age'); var joe = new User({first: 'joe'}); assert(joe.isValid() === false, 'model should not validate'); assert(joe.errors.last, 'should have a missing last error'); assert(joe.errors.age, 'should have a missing age error'); ``` ## Model.validatesLengthOf(property, options) Require a property length to be within a specified range.. ```js User.validatesLengthOf('password', {min: 5, message: {min: 'Password is too short'}}); var joe = new User({password: '1234'}); assert(joe.isValid() === false, 'model should not be valid'); assert(joe.errors.password, 'should have password error'); ``` ## Model.validatesInclusionOf(property, options) Require a value for `property` to be in the specified array.. ```js User.validatesInclusionOf('gender', {in: ['male', 'female']}); var foo = new User({gender: 'bar'}); assert(foo.isValid() === false, 'model should not be valid'); assert(foo.errors.gender, 'should have gender error'); ``` ## Model.validatesExclusionOf(property, options) Require a value for `property` to not exist in the specified array.. ```js User.validatesExclusionOf('domain', {in: ['www', 'billing', 'admin']}); var foo = new User({domain: 'www'}); var bar = new User({domain: 'billing'}); var bat = new User({domain: 'admin'}); assert(foo.isValid() === false); assert(bar.isValid() === false); assert(bat.isValid() === false); assert(foo.errors.domain, 'model should have a domain error'); assert(bat.errors.domain, 'model should have a domain error'); assert(bat.errors.domain, 'model should have a domain error'); ``` ## Model.validatesNumericalityOf(property, options) Require a value for `property` to be a specific type of `Number`.. ```js User.validatesNumericalityOf('age', {int: true}); var joe = new User({age: 10.2}); assert(joe.isValid() === false); var bob = new User({age: 0}); assert(bob.isValid() === true); assert(joe.errors.age, 'model should have an age error'); ``` ## Model.validatesUniquenessOf(property, options) Ensure the value for `property` is unique.. ```js User.validatesUniquenessOf('email', {message: 'email is not unique'}); var joe = new User({email: 'joe@joe.com'}); var joe2 = new User({email: 'joe@joe.com'}); joe.save(function () { joe2.save(function (err) { assert(err, 'should get a validation error'); assert(joe2.errors.email, 'model should have email error'); done(); }); }); ``` ## myModel.isValid() Validate the model instance.. ```js User.validatesNumericalityOf('age', {int: true}); var user = new User({first: 'joe', age: 'flarg'}) var valid = user.isValid(); assert(valid === false); assert(user.errors.age, 'model should have age error'); ``` Asynchronously validate the model. ```js User.validatesNumericalityOf('age', {int: true}); var user = new User({first: 'joe', age: 'flarg'}) user.isValid(function (valid) { assert(valid === false); assert(user.errors.age, 'model should have age error'); done(); }); ``` ## Model.attachTo(dataSource) Attach a model to a [DataSource](#data-source). ```js var MyModel = loopback.createModel('my-model', {name: String}); assert(MyModel.find === undefined, 'should not have data access methods'); MyModel.attachTo(memory); assert(typeof MyModel.find === 'function', 'should have data access methods after attaching to a data source'); ``` ## Model.create([data], [callback]) Create an instance of Model with given data and save to the attached data source.. ```js User.create({first: 'Joe', last: 'Bob'}, function(err, user) { assert(user instanceof User); done(); }); ``` ## model.save([options], [callback]) Save an instance of a Model to the attached data source.. ```js var joe = new User({first: 'Joe', last: 'Bob'}); joe.save(function(err, user) { assert(user.id); assert(!err); assert(!user.errors); done(); }); ``` ## model.updateAttributes(data, [callback]) Save specified attributes to the attached data source.. ```js User.create({first: 'joe', age: 100}, function (err, user) { assert(!err); assert.equal(user.first, 'joe'); user.updateAttributes({ first: 'updatedFirst', last: 'updatedLast' }, function (err, updatedUser) { assert(!err); assert.equal(updatedUser.first, 'updatedFirst'); assert.equal(updatedUser.last, 'updatedLast'); assert.equal(updatedUser.age, 100); done(); }); }); ``` ## Model.upsert(data, callback) Update when record with id=data.id found, insert otherwise. ```js User.upsert({first: 'joe', id: 7}, function (err, user) { assert(!err); assert.equal(user.first, 'joe'); User.upsert({first: 'bob', id: 7}, function (err, updatedUser) { assert(!err); assert.equal(updatedUser.first, 'bob'); done(); }); }); ``` ## model.destroy([callback]) Remove a model from the attached data source.. ```js User.create({first: 'joe', last: 'bob'}, function (err, user) { User.findById(user.id, function (err, foundUser) { assert.equal(user.id, foundUser.id); foundUser.destroy(function () { User.findById(user.id, function (err, notFound) { assert(!err); assert.equal(notFound, null); done(); }); }); }); }); ``` ## Model.destroyAll(callback) Delete all Model instances from data source. ```js (new TaskEmitter()) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'jill'}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'bob'}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'jan'}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'sam'}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'suzy'}) .on('done', function () { User.count(function (err, count) { assert.equal(count, 5); User.destroyAll(function () { User.count(function (err, count) { assert.equal(count, 0); done(); }); }); }); }); ``` ## Model.findById(id, callback) Find an instance by id.. ```js User.create({first: 'michael', last: 'jordan', id: 23}, function () { User.findById(23, function (err, user) { assert.equal(user.id, 23); assert.equal(user.first, 'michael'); assert.equal(user.last, 'jordan'); done(); }); }); ``` ## Model.count([query], callback) Query count of Model instances in data source. ```js (new TaskEmitter()) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'jill', age: 100}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'bob', age: 200}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'jan'}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'sam'}) .task(User, 'create', {first: 'suzy'}) .on('done', function () { User.count({age: {gt: 99}}, function (err, count) { assert.equal(count, 2); done(); }); }); ``` ## Remote Methods ### Example Remote Method Call the method using HTTP / REST. ```js request(app) .get('/users/sign-in?username=foo&password=bar') .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .end(function(err, res){ if(err) return done(err); assert(res.body.$data === 123); done(); }); ``` ### Model.beforeRemote(name, fn) Run a function before a remote method is called by a client. ```js var hookCalled = false; User.beforeRemote('create', function(ctx, user, next) { hookCalled = true; next(); }); // invoke save request(app) .post('/users') .send({data: {first: 'foo', last: 'bar'}}) .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .end(function(err, res) { if(err) return done(err); assert(hookCalled, 'hook wasnt called'); done(); }); ``` ### Model.afterRemote(name, fn) Run a function after a remote method is called by a client. ```js var beforeCalled = false; var afterCalled = false; User.beforeRemote('create', function(ctx, user, next) { assert(!afterCalled); beforeCalled = true; next(); }); User.afterRemote('create', function(ctx, user, next) { assert(beforeCalled); afterCalled = true; next(); }); // invoke save request(app) .post('/users') .send({data: {first: 'foo', last: 'bar'}}) .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .end(function(err, res) { if(err) return done(err); assert(beforeCalled, 'before hook was not called'); assert(afterCalled, 'after hook was not called'); done(); }); ``` ### Remote Method invoking context #### ctx.req The express ServerRequest object. ```js var hookCalled = false; User.beforeRemote('create', function(ctx, user, next) { hookCalled = true; assert(ctx.req); assert(ctx.req.url); assert(ctx.req.method); assert(ctx.res); assert(ctx.res.write); assert(ctx.res.end); next(); }); // invoke save request(app) .post('/users') .send({data: {first: 'foo', last: 'bar'}}) .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .end(function(err, res) { if(err) return done(err); assert(hookCalled); done(); }); ``` #### ctx.res The express ServerResponse object. ```js var hookCalled = false; User.beforeRemote('create', function(ctx, user, next) { hookCalled = true; assert(ctx.req); assert(ctx.req.url); assert(ctx.req.method); assert(ctx.res); assert(ctx.res.write); assert(ctx.res.end); next(); }); // invoke save request(app) .post('/users') .send({data: {first: 'foo', last: 'bar'}}) .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .end(function(err, res) { if(err) return done(err); assert(hookCalled); done(); }); ``` ## Model.hasMany(Model) Define a one to many relationship.. ```js var Book = memory.createModel('book', {title: String, author: String}); var Chapter = memory.createModel('chapter', {title: String}); // by referencing model Book.hasMany(Chapter); Book.create({title: 'Into the Wild', author: 'Jon Krakauer'}, function(err, book) { // using 'chapters' scope for build: var c = book.chapters.build({title: 'Chapter 1'}); book.chapters.create({title: 'Chapter 2'}, function () { c.save(function () { Chapter.count({bookId: book.id}, function (err, count) { assert.equal(count, 2); book.chapters({where: {title: 'Chapter 1'}}, function(err, chapters) { assert.equal(chapters.length, 1); assert.equal(chapters[0].title, 'Chapter 1'); done(); }); }); }); }); }); ``` ## Model.properties Normalized properties passed in originally by loopback.createModel(). ```js var props = { s: String, n: {type: 'Number'}, o: {type: 'String', min: 10, max: 100}, d: Date, g: loopback.GeoPoint }; var MyModel = loopback.createModel('foo', props); Object.keys(MyModel.properties).forEach(function (key) { var p = MyModel.properties[key]; var o = MyModel.properties[key]; assert(p); assert(o); assert(typeof p.type === 'function'); if(typeof o === 'function') { // the normalized property // should match the given property assert( p.type.name === o.name || p.type.name === o ) } }); ``` ## Model.extend() Create a new model by extending an existing model. ```js var User = loopback.Model.extend('test-user', { email: String }); User.foo = function () { return 'bar'; } User.prototype.bar = function () { return 'foo'; } var MyUser = User.extend('my-user', { a: String, b: String }); assert.equal(MyUser.prototype.bar, User.prototype.bar); assert.equal(MyUser.foo, User.foo); var user = new MyUser({ email: 'foo@bar.com', a: 'foo', b: 'bar' }); assert.equal(user.email, 'foo@bar.com'); assert.equal(user.a, 'foo'); assert.equal(user.b, 'bar'); ``` # User ## User.create Create a new user. ```js User.create({email: 'f@b.com'}, function (err, user) { assert(!err); assert(user.id); assert(user.email); done(); }); ``` Requires a valid email. ```js User.create({}, function (err) { assert(err); User.create({email: 'foo@'}, function (err) { assert(err); done(); }); }); ``` Requires a unique email. ```js User.create({email: 'a@b.com'}, function () { User.create({email: 'a@b.com'}, function (err) { assert(err, 'should error because the email is not unique!'); done(); }); }); ``` Requires a password to login with basic auth. ```js User.create({email: 'b@c.com'}, function (err) { User.login({email: 'b@c.com'}, function (err, session) { assert(!session, 'should not create a session without a valid password'); assert(err, 'should not login without a password'); done(); }); }); ``` Hashes the given password. ```js var u = new User({username: 'foo', password: 'bar'}); assert(u.password !== 'bar'); ``` ## User.login Login a user by providing credentials. ```js request(app) .post('/users/login') .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .send({email: 'foo@bar.com', password: 'bar'}) .end(function(err, res){ if(err) return done(err); var session = res.body; assert(session.uid); assert(session.id); assert.equal((new Buffer(session.id, 'base64')).length, 64); done(); }); ``` ## User.logout Logout a user by providing the current session id (using node). ```js login(logout); function login(fn) { User.login({email: 'foo@bar.com', password: 'bar'}, fn); } function logout(err, session) { User.logout(session.id, verify(session.id, done)); } ``` Logout a user by providing the current session id (over rest). ```js login(logout); function login(fn) { request(app) .post('/users/login') .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .send({email: 'foo@bar.com', password: 'bar'}) .end(function(err, res){ if(err) return done(err); var session = res.body; assert(session.uid); assert(session.id); fn(null, session.id); }); } function logout(err, sid) { request(app) .post('/users/logout') .expect(200) .send({sid: sid}) .end(verify(sid, done)); } ``` Logout a user using the instance method. ```js login(logout); function login(fn) { User.login({email: 'foo@bar.com', password: 'bar'}, fn); } function logout(err, session) { User.findOne({email: 'foo@bar.com'}, function (err, user) { user.logout(verify(session.id, done)); }); } ``` ## user.hasPassword(plain, fn) Determine if the password matches the stored password. ```js var u = new User({username: 'foo', password: 'bar'}); u.hasPassword('bar', function (err, isMatch) { assert(isMatch, 'password doesnt match'); done(); }); ``` should match a password when saved. ```js var u = new User({username: 'a', password: 'b', email: 'z@z.net'}); u.save(function (err, user) { User.findById(user.id, function (err, uu) { uu.hasPassword('b', function (err, isMatch) { assert(isMatch); done(); }); }); }); ``` should match a password after it is changed. ```js User.create({email: 'foo@baz.net', username: 'bat', password: 'baz'}, function (err, user) { User.findById(user.id, function (err, foundUser) { assert(foundUser); foundUser.hasPassword('baz', function (err, isMatch) { assert(isMatch); foundUser.password = 'baz2'; foundUser.save(function (err, updatedUser) { updatedUser.hasPassword('baz2', function (err, isMatch) { assert(isMatch); User.findById(user.id, function (err, uu) { uu.hasPassword('baz2', function (err, isMatch) { assert(isMatch); done(); }); }); }); }); }); }); }); ``` ## Verification ### user.verify(options, fn) Verify a user's email address. ```js User.afterRemote('create', function(ctx, user, next) { assert(user, 'afterRemote should include result'); var options = { type: 'email', to: user.email, from: 'noreply@myapp.org', redirect: '/', protocol: ctx.req.protocol, host: ctx.req.get('host') }; user.verify(options, function (err, result) { assert(result.email); assert(result.email.message); assert(result.token); var lines = result.email.message.split('\n'); assert(lines[4].indexOf('To: bar@bat.com') === 0); done(); }); }); request(app) .post('/users') .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(200) .send({email: 'bar@bat.com', password: 'bar'}) .end(function(err, res){ if(err) return done(err); }); ``` ### User.confirm(options, fn) Confirm a user verification. ```js User.afterRemote('create', function(ctx, user, next) { assert(user, 'afterRemote should include result'); var options = { type: 'email', to: user.email, from: 'noreply@myapp.org', redirect: 'http://foo.com/bar', protocol: ctx.req.protocol, host: ctx.req.get('host') }; user.verify(options, function (err, result) { if(err) return done(err); request(app) .get('/users/confirm?uid=' + result.uid + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent(result.token) + '&redirect=' + encodeURIComponent(options.redirect)) .expect(302) .expect('location', options.redirect) .end(function(err, res){ if(err) return done(err); done(); }); }); }); request(app) .post('/users') .expect('Content-Type', /json/) .expect(302) .send({email: 'bar@bat.com', password: 'bar'}) .end(function(err, res){ if(err) return done(err); }); ```